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1--()()(Provision)()(Finance)(siteandservice)()(Regulation)()(CreationofConduciveEnvironment)(constructionandprovision)(finance)2(Donnison,1967Doling,1999)(embryonic)(social)(comprehensive)(demand)(need)(embryonic)(social)(comprehensive)(GrigsbyandBourassa,2003)2.1194010011001980101(Pezzoli1995)(squattersettlements)(3Rojas,1999Tremnewan,1998)(socialwage)2.2(BalchinandStewart,2001McCallumandBenjamin,1985Lowder,1993)2.31931(4)()(RetsinasandBelsky,2002)2.41()1.931.931311012000(marginalpropensitytospend)210%2.519191920(segregation)11999.22(2001)533.1()20%50%43.2(subsidytargeting)()34----61980(19921984)198034%200074%198020%20003%7%(GovernmentHousingBank)()()(RM$12,500)1996200050%73.31.2.3.4.()2%3.4(finance)84.14.2?4.3VS(governmentfailures)(marketfailures)?()Balchin,P.N.andStewart,J.(2001).SocialHousinginLatinAmerica:9OpportunitiesforAffordabilityinaRegionofHousingNeed.JournalofHousingandBuiltEnvironment,Vol.16,pp.333-341.Dieleman,F.M.(1994).SocialRentedHousing:ValuableAssetorUnsustainableBurden?UrbanStudies,Vol.31,No.3,pp.447-463.Doling,J.(1999).ComparativeHousingPolicyinClasen,J.(ed.)ComparativeSocialPolicy:Concepts,TheoriesandMethods.OxfordandMassachusetts:Blackwell,pp.59-79.Grigsby,W.G.andBourassa,S.C.(2003)TryingtoUnderstandLow-IncomeHousingSubsidies:LessonsfromtheUnitedStates.UrbanStudies,Vol.40,Nos.5-6,pp.973-992.Patel,S.andBurra,S.(1994).AccesstoHousingFinancefortheUrbanPoorInstitutionalInnovationinIndia.Cities,Vol.11,No.6,pp.393-7.Rakodi,C.(1992).HousingMarketsinThirdWorldCities:ResearchandPolicyintothe1990s.WorldDevelopment,Vol.20,No.1,pp.39-55.Razaliagus,M.(2002).TheroleofstateandmarketintheMalaysianHousingsector,JournalofHousingandBuiltEnvironment,Vol.17,pp.49-67Retsina,N.P.andBelsky,E.S.(eds.).(2002).LowIncomeHomeownership:ExaminingtheUnexaminedGoal.Washington,DC:BrookingsInstitutionPress.Sen,S.(1998).OntheOriginsandReasonsBehindNonprofitInvolvementandNon-involvementinLowIncomeHousinginUrbanIndia.Cities,Vol.15,No.4,pp.257-268.Sheng,Y.K.(2002).Housing,theStateandtheMarketinThailand:EnablingandEnrichingthePrivateSector,JournalofHousingandBuiltEnvironment,Vol.17,pp.33-47Smith,J.L.(1999).CleaningUpPublicHousingbySweepingOutthePoor.HabitatInternational,Vol.23,No.1,pp.49-62.VanDerHeiden,H.andHaffner,M.(2000).HousingExpenditureandHousingPolicyintheWestEuropeanRentalSector.JournalofHousingandBuiltEnvironment,Vol.15,pp.71-92.Wang,Y.P.andMurie,A.(1999).HousingPolicyandPracticeinChina.London:MacMillanandNewYork:St.Martins.(1998)()(2000)()(2001)(2001)103.6()3.5(maintenance)4.2?209050%84.3%8078.6%67.5%61.4%(1988-1997)(Haffneretal.2000)