Section15付款方式PaymentTerms•IMainPoints•Paymentisrathercomplexininternationaltrade,whatrisksshouldbetakenintoconsideration?•Whatarethepaymenttermsmostfrequentlyusedinforeigntrade?•Themostgenerallyusedmodesofpaymentininternationaltradeare:•I.要点概述MainPoints•1.Whatarethepaymenttermsmostfrequentlyusedinforeigntrade?1.Whatarethepaymenttermsmostfrequentlyusedinforeigntrade?•Therearedifferenttermsofpaymentinforeigntrade.•a)Cashinadvance:Seller’sgoodsmustbespecialinonewayoranother;•b)Letterofcredit:LettersofCreditrequiretotalaccuracyinconformingtoterms,conditions,anddocumentation.Usually,confirmedirrevocablecreditistheinclusionofasecondassuranceofpayment,usuallyaBank,preventsunexpectedproblems,andaddsassurancethatissuingbankhasbeendeemedacceptablebyconfirmingbank;Unconfirmedirrevocablecreditmeanscreditcanbechangedonlybymutualagreement,asstipulatedinasalesagreement;•e)Sightdraft:Adraftpayableuponpresentation;•f)Timedraft:adraftpayablewithinaspecifiednumberofdaysafteritispresented;•g)Openaccount•Therefore,paymentisrathercomplexininternationaltradeandrisksshouldbetakenintoconsideration.2.Whatarethepaymentdiscountsinpayment?•Inforeigntrade,themostcommontypesofdiscountsandallowancesare:•a)Cashdiscountsforpromptpayment:Theseareintendedtospeedpaymentandtherebyprovideliquiditytothefirmandtheyaresometimesusedasapromotionaldevice;•b)Quantitydiscounts:Thesearepricereductionsgivenforlargepurchases;•c)Tradediscounts:thesearealsocalledfunctionaldiscounts,paymentstodistributionchannelmembersforperformingsomefunction;•d)Partialpaymentdiscounts:itisverysimilartothetradediscount,usedwhenthesellerwishestoimprovecashfloworliquidity,butfindsthatthebuyertypicallyisunabletomeetthedesireddiscountdeadline;•e)Forwarddating:Thisiswherethepurchaserdoesn’tpayforthegoodsuntilwellaftertheyarriveandthedateontheinvoiceismovedforward;•f)Promotionalallowances:Thesearepricereductionsgiventothebuyerforperformingsomepromotionalactivity.Theseincludeanallowanceforcreatingandmaintaininganin-storedisplayoraco-opadvertisingallowance;•g)Brokerageallowance:Fromthepointofviewofthemanufacturer,anybrokeragefeepaidissimilartoapromotionalallowance.Itisusuallybasedonapercentageofthesalesgeneratedbythebroker.II.商界名言BusinessSayings•1.Opportunityknocksbutonce.机不可失时不在来。•2.Sayingisonethinganddoinganother.说是一回事,做是一回事。•3.Nobees,nohoney;nowork,nomoney.无蜂无蜜,不劳无获。•4.Shortaccountsmakelongfriends.好朋友勤算账•5.Thebuyerneedsahundredeyes,thesellerbutone.买者需要百只眼,卖者只需一只眼。•6.Arichman’sfoolishsayingspassforwiseones.有钱人说的傻话,被视为明智之言。•III.核心词语CoreWordsandPhrases(omitted)•要求课前背诵重要术语•IV.经典句式TypicalSentences•(omitted)•要求首先思考如何翻译?有多少不同的路径?变换词性、主语、从句会产生什么不同的效果?V.段落写译ParagraphWritingandTranslating•1.我们的付款方式,一般是以保兑的、不可撤消的、以我公司为收益人的、按发票金额见票即付的信用证支付。该信用证通过我们认可的银行开出。•1.我们的付款方式,一般是以保兑的、不可撤消的、以我公司为收益人的、按发票金额见票即付的信用证支付。该信用证通过我们认可的银行开出。•Ourusualmodeofpaymentisbyconfirmed,irrevocableletterofcredit,availablebydraftatsightforthefullamountoftheinvoicevaluetobeestablishedinourfavorthroughabankacceptabletous.•2.装运期临近,我们必须指出,除非你方信用证在本月底之前到达我处否则我们将无法在规定的期限内装运。•2.装运期临近,我们必须指出,除非你方信用证在本月底之前到达我处否则我们将无法在规定的期限内装运。•Theshipmentdateisapproaching.WemustpointoutthatunlessyourL/Creachesusbytheendofthismonth,weshallnotbeabletoeffectshipmentwithinthestipulatedtimelimit.•3.我方当前的安排与平常并无不同,从你们开立信用证到货物抵达你方港口一般需要约三个月的时间。而且,只有在货物备齐待运时方可开证。•3.我方当前的安排与平常并无不同,从你们开立信用证到货物抵达你方港口一般需要约三个月的时间。而且,只有在货物备齐待运时方可开证。•Thereisnothingunusualinourcurrentarrangement.Fromthetimeyouopencredituntiltheshipmentreachesyourportisnormallyaboutthreemonths.Inaddition,yourL/Cisonlyopenedwhenthegoodsarereadyforshipment.•4.按销售确认书规定,你方信用证应于上月底以前到达,但迄今未收到,很是遗憾。请接到此信后,立即办理开证,以便按规定及时发运。•4.按销售确认书规定,你方信用证应于上月底以前到达,但迄今未收到,很是遗憾。请接到此信后,立即办理开证,以便按规定及时发运。•AccordingtothestipulationofourS/C,yourcoveringL/Cshouldhavereachedusbeforetheendoflastmonth,weregrettonotethatuptothepresentwehaven’treceivedityet.PleaseexpeditetheestablishmentoftherelevantL/Cuponreceiptofthislettersothatwemayeffectshipmentintimeasstipulated.•5.在2009年9月9日函中报盘时我们曾清楚地指出过在香港转运的必要性,为了加速交货,我们不得不要求你方将信用证相应展期。•5.在2009年9月9日函中报盘时我们曾清楚地指出过在香港转运的必要性,为了加速交货,我们不得不要求你方将信用证相应展期。•WhenmakingourofferinourletterofSeptember9,2009,weclearlypointedoutthenecessityoftransshipmentatHongKong.Inordertoexpeditedeliveryofthegoods,wehavetorequestyoutoamendtherelevantL/Caccordingly.VI.讨论评估DiscussionandAssessment•商务英语写作教师通常需要花费较多的时间用于批改学生习作,此外还需要许多时间用于登记学生语用错误并分析归类以便课堂讲评,让学生明白自己写得好在哪里,差在哪里。结果常常是通宵达旦、疲惫不堪,修改其中的用词与句法错误,对不恰当的表达方式进行标志。请问你是如何对待教师的批改?对于划线部分是否考虑有什么更好的表达?•1)实践中,学生对教师的批改反应不一,有的会看看得分几何便弃之一边,有的会查找字典看看修改的道理,有的可能对密密麻麻的红色批改反为不悦。这种批改方式的最为直接的后果就是:部分学生作文更加漫不经心,因为随便写写即可,反正有人修改,他用不着费力去字斟句酌讲究布局谋篇,所以效果也不理想。由于实际原因,全批全改的方式难以为继,其它方式也同样尴尬。•研究Cohen(1991)发现,即使教师批阅作文很仔细,在语言上做了许多修改,但在拿到作文本后认真查找语法参考书,把作文中语言问题弄懂弄清楚的学生很少。商务英语写作教学的目的是培养的是一种技能,需要大量的训练。为此,建议学习者高度重视教师和他人对自己习作的批改和指正意见。2)在写作中,不但要注重语言的形式,而且要注重语言的交际功能。•也就是说,如果连形式合乎规范都做不到,便不可能指望达到理想的交际。要在语言的接受式技能(receptiveskills)与产出式技能(productiveskills)方面,寻求一种平衡,在大量吸收语言素材的同时,能积极地把所学语料运用到语言交际的实践中去;同时,他们也能在课堂外寻找各种操练目的语的机会。可见,平时背诵重点句式后,要学会创造机会去运用。比如,在同学之间运用学过的句式模拟洽谈和讨论。•学习策略本身并无优劣之分,重要的是使用者如何运用这些策略。许多研究也表明,良好的语言学习