中小企业融资现状及对策分析TheResearchontheContentsandModeoftheComprehensiveIncomeReportI摘要自改革开放三十年,我国的中小企业大量涌现并迅猛发展。截止2006年底,我国中小企业已经达到4200多万户,占全国企业总数的99.8%以上,所创造的最终产品和服务的价值占全国国内生产总值的60%左右,生产的商品占社会销售总额的60%,上交的税收已经超过全国税收总额的一半,提供了全国80%左右的城镇就业岗位。毫无疑问,中小企业在国民经济中已占据了举足轻重的地位。但长期以来,由于各种原因,我国的中小企业所获得的会融支持却与其贡献极不相称。融资问题己经成为制约我国中小企业发展的普遍性问题。分析中小企业融资难的原因,加以克服,促进中小企业发展,进而保持我国经济持续、快速、协调、健康发展,既是实践提出的任务,也是经济学人的使命。本文在对我国中小企业融资难的原因进行剖析和在分析、借鉴国际经验的基础上,有针对性地提出了解决我国中小企业融资难的对策,以助于我国中小企业的健康发展,同时,也希望能够将人们对中小企业融资问题的认识引向深入。关键词:中小企业,融资,原因,对策IIAbstractDuringthepast30yearsofreformandopeningup,China’Ssmallandmedium—sizedenterprises(SMEs)havebeenspringinguprapidly.Upuntil2006,thenumberofsmallandmedium—sizedenterprisesinChinahasexceeded42million,makingupmorethan99.8%ofallChina’Sindustrialenterprises.ThetotalvalueofindustrialoutputforSMEsaccountsfor67.71%ofthegrossoutputvalueofallChina’Sindustrialenterprises.TheconsumergoodsproductionbySMEsaccountsfor60%ofthetotalsalesofallenterprisesinwholesale&retailtrade.ThetaxespaidbySMEsaccountformorethanhalfoftotaltaxespaidbyallindustrialenterprises.Additionally,SMEsemployabout80%oftheworkforceincitiesandtowns.SMEsareundoubtedlyplayingacriticalroleinChina'seconomygrowth.Foravarietyofreasons,thefinancialsupporttoSMEshasnotalwaysproportionatetotheamountofcontributionSMEshasprovided.FinancingdifficultyhasbecomeaseriousissueforthedevelopmentofChina’SSMEs.ItshouldbenotedthatthetheoryputforwardbythepracticeofinnovationisthetaskofhistorydemandsofUS.ToanalyzethecausesofandidentifyessentialresolutionsforthefinancingdifficultfacedbySMEshasempiricalsignificanceforSMEsdevelopment,whichwillinturncontributetothesustainable,rapid,coordinated,andhealthydevelopmentofChina’Seconomy.Thisisataskderivedfrompracticeandalsoamissionforeconomists.Throughanin-depthanalysisofcausesforSMEsfinancingdifficultandlessonsderivedfromexperiencesofthedevelopedcountries,thisthesisprovidesresolutionstoalleviatethefinancingdifficultyfacedbySMEsdiscussionoftheimplicationsforChina’SSMEsfinancingfromaninternationalcomparison.KeyWords:SmallandMedium-SizedEnterprises(SMEs);Finance;DifficultPosition;CountermeasureIII目录引言..................................................................................................................................11中小企业融资现状....................................................................................................21.1中小企业的资本结构和经营特征..................................................................21.1.1中小企业的概念....................................................................................21.1.2中小企业的资本结构............................................................................21.1.3中小企业的经营特征............................................................................31.2中小企业融资模式..........................................................................................41.2.1融资模式.................................................................错误!未定义书签。1.2.2中小企业融资的特征.............................................错误!未定义书签。1.3中小企业融资现状1.3.1中小企业融资状况有所改善1.3.2融资方式单一,直接融资渠道过窄1.3.3自我积累意识匮乏1.3.4间接融资渠道不畅1.3.5融资问题仍然很严重2我国中小企业融资存在的问题................................................................................92.1中小企业内部融资问题..................................................................................92.2中小企业外部融资问题.................................................................................113我国中小企业融资问题的因素分析......................................................................143.1企业内部融资因素分析................................................................................143.2企业外部融资问题分析...................................................错误!未定义书签。4国外中小企业融资比较与启示..............................................................................194.1国外中小企业融资经验................................................................................194.1.1利用完善的立法体系,保障中小企业融资.........错误!未定义书签。4.1.2设立专门的机构为中小企业提供援助和咨询.....错误!未定义书签。4.1.3注重中小企业资金服务体系建设.........................错误!未定义书签。4.2国外解决中小企业融资问题给我们的启示................................................20IV4.2.1营造有利于中小企业的融资环境......................................................204.2.2提供多种优惠政策..............................................................................214.2.3建立并健全专门为中小企业融资服务的信用担保体系5我国中小企业融资问题的解决对策...........................................错误!未定义书签。5.1提高中小企业的综合素质..................................................错误!未定义书签。5.1.1加强企业的内部改革5.1.2注意中小企业信用体系建设5.1.3提高中小企业信息的可信度和透明度5.2企业外部政策支持.............................................................................................215.2.1调整和制定有利于中小企业融资的优惠财税政策5.2.2发展民间金融和中小企业之间的新型融资关系结论与展望.......................................................................................错误!未定义书签。参考文献........................................................................................................................22致谢................................................................................................................................261引言中小企业作为国民经济的基础,其发展和融资问题关系到国民经济发展的根本,一直以来都是世界各国关注的焦点。国外发达国家尤其重视中小企业发展,他们多通过利用完善的立法体系、设立专门的中小企业融资机构、建设中小企