30。multinomiallogit、、。。MNL、,,。1980191.332005815.46(1980),5.80%。,20,,0.160.33,0.240.45。,,、。,,、。,,,。(),,:,,。,,,:、。,,5,,。、,(Kuznets)“U”。Kuznets“U”、、、*———multinomiallogit□*(CR0525)“”,、。、、80--《》()20099,。Ranis(1964),Robinson(1976)“U”,,“U”。,、、、、、7,。1.。,。,Rozelle(1994),。、(2006)1978~2003,,。(1998),。(1998),(2003)GE,,。2.。GreenwoodJovanovic(1990),(G-J)。:,U,Kuznets“U”。GreenwoodJovanovic(1990),GalorZeira(1993),,,。Mat-suyama(2000),,,,,U。Matsuyama(2000),Patrick(2004)、、、,,,。3.。,(1999)19951%,,,。(1999),(2003)19901985~1990,。(2003),(2004)2090、,2000。,Justin(2004)GeweiWang(2004)1985~19901995~2000,,1985~2000。4.。,Becker(1964),,。,BeckerChiswick(1966)。GregorioLee(2002),15,,10081--(SUR),。,(2007)Becker(1964),14609,,,。(2006),,。5.。,TsuiKai-yuen(1998)1985~1990,,、、,,。(2007),,,,、。1,。,,,。,multinomiallogit(),,。:;;;;。、,(5000),(5000~1)、(1~2.5)、(2.5~5)(5)5,jYj。u,、、vj,:uji=vji+eji(1)j,i。ejiWeibull,eLogistic,,iYjj:(2)(1)(2):(3)、、82--《》()20099(3)MNL:pjij,ij(Henleyetal.,1989)。,:vji=βjkXik(5)Xikki,βjk,(4)(5),MNL:,j,MNLJ-1。(6),:j'(logodds),。MNL(MLE),:,Y,Xxik,BK(J-1)。Y(likelihood),,(Borsch-supanandPitkinm,1988)。,,,,MNL、。,,。,,。,,,,,。,、,、5;,,、。,、,,MNL(robust)。、20085,,49()34,537。,30,20~30,。,,。,,。,,。、,、,“”。2007,28.26,12.83,4.53,2.44,10.89;4368,181163。,73.983--,63.7,86.2%,10.2,13.8%,33.53,45.3%;,。,,2007,1000,924,1500。8,“、、、”,,1.18。,,“”。,,,87.56,331.1,309.46,20.22,173,308,1386。,、、、、、、、、、。,,,。2007,4:、、,4200765%。,2006~2008,50,34;2009,2000,22輥輯訛。,、。,、、、,。,(Logage)、(Logperson)(Logs)(0,1)輥輰訛。,(Farm)、(MWork)、(Business)、(Grant),(Industrialcrops),5dummy,1,0。,,1(Outwork1)、2(Outwork2)、3(Outwork3)3(Outwork4)4,4dummy,1,0;,,:(CIndustry)、(MIndustry)、(Manufacture)、(SIndustry)4dummy。,,(Jschool)、(JMSchool)、(TSchool)、(HSchool)、(Jcollage)、(University)(EExpenditure)7dummy。,,2dummy(Minsur-ance,Investment),1、,0。,,,,(Sannong)、(Fuping)(Straining)dummy,1,0。,5dummy,(MLservice)、(BConstruction)、(Infrastruc-ture)(CFacility)。、1。,,log(p2/p1)log(p5/p4),。,、、、84--《》()20099。,,。log(p2/p1),,log(p3/p1)、log(p4/p1)log(p5/p1),。Rozelle(1994)、(1998)(2006),,,,,,。,1。,、,1,,log(p2/p1)log(p3/p1),。,,。2。,、,,(2006)(),,,,。,,,,,。、,,。,(BeckandChiswick,1966;GregorioandLee,2002),,(2007),。,、、。,、。,(EExpenditure),。,,;,,,,,。34。,。,。,,(1999)、(2003)(2004)()。,,,,,Justin(2004)GeweiWang(2004)(),。,85--,。,,,。5。。,Patrick(2004)()。,,log(p3/p2)log(p5/p4),95%。,、,。,5,。6、。,,。,。,,,(2007),,、。,,log(p2/p1)、log(p3/p1)log(p3/p2),,(2006)(),,,,,,、、,。,2,,,,。:、、。,、、86--《》()20099。,,,,。,。,。,,。,。,,,。,2,2,,,。MNL,。、2,MNL,。,。,()、()、、,(、、),。,,、,,。,,,,、,,。,,GINI,GINI。,,。,,,,,,,,。2007。“U”(Paukert,F.,1973;Ahluwalia,M.,1976),(Chenery,H.,1974;Fields,G.S.,1984)。。,、、、,,,5。,;,logistic,multinomiallogit,multinomialprobit。Henley,A.,Carruth,A.,Thomas,A.andVikerman,R,87--1989,“LocationChoiceandLabourMarketPerceptions:ADis-creteChoiceStudy”,RegionalStudies,Vol.23,pp.431~445.Borsch-supanandPitkinm,1988,“OnDiscreteChoiceModelsofHousingDemand”,JournalofUrbanEconomics,Vol.24,pp.153~172.2007《》。《》,《》,2007718。200753,“、、”。,。,。輥輯訛,。輥輰訛,,1(0~100)50,2(100~200)150,3(200~500)350,4(500~1000)750,5(1000)1000。(1)Ahluwalia,M.S.,1976,“In-equality,PovertyandDevelopment”,JournalofDevelopmentEconomics,Vol.3,pp.307~342.(2)Beeker,G.S.andB.R.Chiswick,1966,“EducationandtheDistributionofEarnings”,AmercianEconomicReview,Vol.56,pp.358~369.(3)Chemery,H.;Ahluwalia,M.S.andothers,1974,RedistributionwithGrowth,NewYork:OxfordUni-versityPress.(4)Fields,G.S.,1984,“Employ-ment,IncomeDistributionandEco-nomicGrowthinSevenMallOpenEconomics”,EconomicJournal,Vol.94,pp.373~389.(5)GolarOdedandJosephZeira,1993,“IncomeDistributionandMacroeconomics”,ReviewofEco-nomicStudies,Vol.60,pp.35~52.(6)Gregorio,J.D.andJ.W.Lee,2002,“EducationandIncomeDistribution:NewEvidencefromCross-countryData”,ReviewofIn-come&Wealth,Vol.48,pp.395~416.(7)JeremyGreenwoodandBoy-anJovanovic,1990,“FinancialDe-velopment,GrowthandtheDistribu-tionofIncome”,JournalofPoliticalEconomy,Vol.98,pp.1076~1107.(8)JustinY.Lin,GeweiWangandYaohuiZhao,2004,“RegionalInequalityandLaborTrans-fersinChina”,EconomicDevelopmentandCulturalChange,Vol.52,pp.587~603.(9)KiminoriMatsuyama,2000,“EndogenousInequality”,ReviewofEconomicStudies,Vol.67,pp.743~759.(10)PatrickHonohan,2004,“FinancialDevelopment,GrowthandPoverty:HowClosearetheLinks?”,WorldBankPolicyRe-searchWorkingPaper3203.(11)Paukert,F.,1973,“IncomeDistributionatDifferentLevelsofDevelopment:ASurveyofEvidence”,InternationalLa-borReview,vol.108,pp.1~28.(12)RanisC.,1964,“DevelopmentoftheLaborSurplusE-conomy:TheoryandPolicy”,Homewood,RichardD.IrwinInc.IL、、88--《》()20099ApublicationoftheEconomicGrowthCenter,YaleUniversity.(13)RichardRobinson,1976,“DemocracyandSocialIn-equality:AReanalysis”,AmericanSociologicalReview,Vol.42,pp.611~623.(14)RozelleScott,1994,“RuralIndustrializationandIn-creasingInequality:EmergingPatternsInChina’sReformingEconomy”,JournalofCompara-tiveEconomics,Vol.19,pp.362~391.(15)TsuiKai-yuen,1998,“FactorDecompositionofChi-neseRuralIncomeInequality:NewMethodology,EmpiricalFndings,andPolicyImplica-tions”,JournalofComparativeEcono