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100084IncomeInequalityandEconomicGrowth:asummary(ZhaoXiliangSchoolofEconomicsandManagementTsinghuaUniversityBeijing100084)AbstractIncomeinequalityisanimportantfactoraffectingacountry’seconomicdevelopment.Fordecades,thereareliteraturesconcerningtherelationshipbetweenincomeinequalityandeconomicgrowth,whichisenlighten.Thisarticlemakesasummaryoftheliteraturesfromtheoreticalandpositiveresearcharea.KeywordsIncomeinequalityEconomicgrowthIncomedistribution119780.2119950.3419840.1619940.3019880.33819950.4290.2230.2860.3820.445192919501960Kaldor,1955Kuznets19555%2/310%5%URobinson,1976a,1976bUBourguignon&Morrisson(1998)Barro,1999Panizza(2002)195019601970198019804321(Creditmarketimperfections)Becker(1975)Atkinson(1975)()Loury(1981)GalorZeira(1993)OLGsxnxg(nxgsx)h(hhg)hsxgnxh3sxnx-(-)/gssntxxxLLgggggggBanerjeeNewman(1993)GalorZeria(1993)Aghion,CaroliGarcía-Peñalosa(1999)AghionBolton(1997)AghionetalStiglitz(1969)4AghionetalBanerjeeNewman(1993)AghionBolton(1997)Aghionetal(First-best)Aghion10lnlntigediσ=+∫tgieBanerjeeNewman(1991),Tamura(1991),GolmmRavikumar(1992),Piketty(1997)2AlesinaRodrik(1994),PerssonTabellini(1994),Perotti(1993),Bertola(1993),Bnabou(1996)H.LiH.Zou(1998)AlesinaRodrik(1994)AlesinaRodrikiσiσ1Romer(1986)U()5H.LiH.Zou(1998)AlesinaRodrik(1994)PerssonTabellini(1994)OLGAlesinaRodrikPerotti(1993)Saint-PaulVerdier(1991)PerottiSaint-PaulVerdier3Grossman(1991,1994)Acemoglu(1995),GrossmanKim(1996),TorneeVelasco(1992),Tornell(1994)BenhabibRustichini(1996)Hibbs(1973),VenierisGupta(1986),Gupta(1990),Alesinaperotti(1996)Bnabou(1996),Benhabib(2002)GrossmanKim(1996)BenhabibRustichini(1996)Bnabou(1996)Benhabib(2002)64Murphy,ShleiferVishny(1989)1919165060188019957AlesinaRodrik(1994)OECD19601985--OLS19701985PerssonTabellini(1994)920GDPINCSH20%NOFRANGDPGAPGDPGDPINCSH5619601985GDP20%GDP1960GDPClarke(1995)Theilindex20%40%Barro1989AlesinaRodrik1994PerssonTabellini1994AlesinaPerotti(1996)9183019858SPISPI7119601985SPISPIPartridge(1997)PerssonTabellini199456RobustPartridge19601990PerssonTabellini19941019601990GDP20%2420%PT20%PTForbes(2000)robustDeiningerSquire1,12,13,14,15,1ititititititititGrowthInequalityIncomeMaleEducationFemaleEducationPPPIuβββββαη−−−−−=+++++++ititGrowthit,1itInequality−,1itIncome−,1itMaleEducation−,1itFemaleEducation−,1itPPPI−i1t−iαtηitupaneldataChamberlain’sπ-matrixGMMHausmanGMM5%Panizza(2002)481940-1980paneldataOLSGMM9robustPartridge(1997)Forbes(2000)iiiiiiGROWTHyDISTXRαβγθωε=+++++iGROWTHiiyiiDIST20%iXPerotti(1996)iROLS102020%Q3Q320Q3GMMQ3GMMQ3Forbes(2000)Partridge(1997)Q3Li,H.Zou,H.(1998)AlesinaRodrik(1994)5GDPGDPBarro(1999)GDP2000GDP2000Sylwester(2000)GDPBanerjeeDuflo(2000)UU1060%1.Aghion,P.&Bolton,P.(1997).Atrickle-downTheoryofGrowthandDevelopment.RES,64,151-172.2.Aghion,P.Caroli,E.&García-Peñalosa,C.(1999).InequalityandEconomicGrowth:thePerspectiveoftheNewGrowthTheories.JEL,37(4),1615-1660.3.Alesina,A.&Rodrik,D.(1994).DistributivePoliticsandEconomicGrowth.QJE,109,465-490.4.Alesina,A.&Perotti,R.(1994).ThePoliticalEconomyofGrowth:ACriticalSurveyoftheRecentLiterature.TheWorldBankEconomicReview,8(3),351-371.5.Alesina,A.&Perotti,R.(1996).IncomeDistribution,PoliticalInstability,andEconomicGrowth.EuropeanEconomicReview.40,1203-1228.6.Barro,Robert.(1989).EconomicGrowthinaCrossSectionofCountries.QJE,98,S103-S125.7.Barro,Robert.(1999).Inequality,Growth,andInvestment.NBERworkingpaper7038.8.Banerjee,A.&Duflo,E.(2000).InequalityandGrowth:WhatCantheDataSay?NBERworkingpaper7793.9.Banerjee,A.&Newman,A.(1991).Risk-bearingandtheTheoryofIncomeDistribution.RES,58,211-235.10.Banerjee,A.&Newman,A.(1993).OccupationalChoiceandtheProcessofDevelopment.JPE,101,274-299.11.Bénabou,R.(1996).InequalityandGrowth.NBERworkingpaper5658.12.Benhabib,J.(2002).TheTradeoffbetweenInequalityandGrowth.ChinaDevelopmentReport,forthcoming.13.Bertola,G.(1993).FactorSharesandSavingsinEndogenousGrowth.AER.83(5),1184-1198.14.Bourguignon,F.(1981).Pareto-SuperiorityofUnegalitarianEquilibriainStiglitz’sModelofWealthDistributionwithConvexSavingsFunction.Econometrica.49(6),1469-1475.15.Bourguignon,F.&Morrisson,C.(1998).InequalityandDevelopment:theRoleofDualism,JournalofDevelopmentEconomics,57,233-257.16.Clarke,G.(1995).MoreEvidenceonIncomeDistributionandGrowth.JournalofDevelopmentEconomics.47,403-427.17.Forbes,K.(2000).AReassessmentoftheRelationshipbetweenInequalityandGrowth.AER,90(4),869-887.18.Glomm,G.&Ravikumar,B.(1992).PublicversusPrivateInvestmentinHumanCapital:EndogenousGrowthandIncomeInequality.JPE,100,818-834.1119.Li,H.&Zou,H.(1998).IncomeInequalityisnotHarmfulforGrowth:TheoryandEvidence.ReviewofDevelopmentEconomics,2(3),318-334.20.Kaldor,Nicholas.(1956).AlternativeTheoriesofDistribution.ReviewofEconomicStudies.23,83-100.21.Kuznets,Simon.(1955).EconomicGrowthandIncomeInequality.TheAmericanEconomicReview,XIV,1-28.22.Loury,GlennC.(1981).IntergenerationalTransfersandtheDistributionofEarnings,Econometrica,49,843-867.23.Lucas,R.Jr.(1988).OntheMechanismofEconomicDevelopment.JME,22,3-22.24.Mirrlees,J.(1971).AnExplorationintheTheoryofOptimumIncomeTaxation