中国湿地保护投资机制(1)

鄱阳湖纪伟涛摄中国湿地保护投资机制InvestingandFinancingSystemofWetlandConservationinChina温亚利YaliWen北京林业大学经济管理学院CollegeofEconomicManagement,BFU教授Professor副院长ViceDean主要内容Contents一、中国湿地保护投入机制的现状ThesituationofwetlandconservationinvestmentsysteminChina二、中国湿地保护投融资机制的发展方向ThedevelopingtrendofwetlandconservationinvestmentsystemThesituationofwetlandconservationinvestmentsysteminChina1、中国湿地保护的背景ThebackgroundofwetlandconservationinChina•国家和社会越来越重视湿地生态保护Moreattentionbeingpaidbythegovernmentandsocietyonthewetlandconservation•公共财政投入不足Shortageofpublicfinance•社会经济环境压力越来越大Facingincreasingpressurefromeconomicdevelopmentandpopulation•保护与利用的冲突较大Theconflictsbetweenconservationandutilizationarestillserious•政策及法律体系不完善Thelegalandpolicysystemsaretobeimproved。一、中国湿地保护投入机制的现状一、中国湿地保护投入机制的现状ThesituationofwetlandconservationinvestmentsysteminChina2、中国湿地保护投入的总体政策Generalwetlandconservationinvestmentpolicy政府投入为主，鼓励社会参与湿地保护，积极参与和利用国际湿地保护项目及相关投资机制，以湿地保护区和湿地生态保护工程为投入重点，不断提高湿地保护的投入水平。Thegovernmentalinvestmentisthemainapproach.Whilethepublicandlocalcommunitiesareencouragedtoparticipateinwetlandconservation.AlsobyimprovingcooperationwithotherNGOswithmoreprojectinvestment，theconstructionofwetlandnaturereserveandtheimplementationofwetlandecologicalengineeringbecomethecoreofwetlandconservation，toincreaseamountofinvestment，stepbystep.一、中国湿地保护投入机制的现状ThesituationofwetlandconservationinvestmentsysteminChina3、中国湿地保护投入渠道InvestingChannels湿地保护wetlandconservation(WC)湿地保护专项资金WCspecialbudget相关生态工程建设资金Relevantecologicalprojectconstructionbudget湿地保护区建设资金WNRconstructionbudget湿地生态工程建设资金WCeco-engineeringconstructionbudget国际湿地保护项目Internationalwetlandconservationproject社会资金投入Socialinvestment中央和地方政府投入Centralandlocalgovernments’investment社会捐赠资金Socialdonation商业性融资Commercialfinancing国外政府Foreigngovernment国际组织InternationalNGO一、中国湿地保护投入机制的现状3、中国湿地保护投入渠道InvestingChannelsSixexamplesThesituationofwetlandconservationinvestmentsysteminChina例1、湿地保护专项资金Exp.1SpecialWetlandconservationBudget“三江三湖”污染治理项目资金投入表investmentforwaterpollutioncontrol名称Nameofactivity投入计算时间Timeperiod投入资金（亿）Investment(ahundredmillionyuan)备注(memo)海河(HaiRiver)63年至今From1963tonow350中央投入160亿，地方投入190亿Thecentralgovernmentinvestmentwas16billionyuan.Thelocalwas19billionsyuan.辽河(LiaoRiver)“九五期间”“Nine5”period48.12淮河(HuaiRiver)94年至今From1994tonow255.9巢湖(ChaoLake)“九五期间”“Nine5”period23.45国债资金2.43亿Including24300millionyuannationaldebtbudget太湖(TaiLake)截至2001年Till2001120滇池(TianLake)93年至今From1993tonow77.991996-2003，利用世行贷款1.5亿美金From1996to2003,1500milliondollarwasused.资料来源:”三江三湖“治理十五规划例2、湿地保护工程资金投入Exp2wetlandconservationprojectbudget名称Project投入计算时间Timeperiod投入资金（亿）Investment(hundredmillionyuan)备注source退耕还湖工程Conversionoffarmlandtolake109国家投入centralgovernment鄱阳湖退耕还湖工程conversionoffarmlandtolakeinthePoyangLakearea1998-200235.32国家投入centralgovernment塔里木河综合治理工程integratedTalimRiverHarnessing2001-170国家投入centralgovernment三江源综合湿地保护integratedSanjiangyuanwetlandconservation75国家计划投入Plannedinvestmentbythegovernment湿地生态工程资金投入表Table2Budgetinvestedonwetlandconservationprojects资料来源:根据相关工程资料项目name数量（个）Number(unit)面积（万km2）Area(tenthouandkm2)总计（亿元）Total(millionyuan)国家投入（亿元）Fromcentralgovernment(millionyuan)地方投入（亿元）Fromlocalgovernment(millionyuan)湿地生态系统保护区Wetlandeco-systemNR300601050084002100湿地生态系统保护及示范区Wetlandeco-systemdemonstratedareas17042.091050082802220合计total470102.0921000166804320资料来源：全国林业系统自然保护区建设工程总体规划，数据为2000年之前的合计情况例3、湿地保护区和湿地生态示范区建设资金投入Exp3Investmentonwetlandnaturereserveandwetlandecologicaldemonstrateareas国家湿地保护区基本建设投入表Investmentinnationalwetlandnaturereserveforinfrastructure例4、湿地保护相关生态工程资金投入Exp.4,Investmentinrelevantecologicalprojects年份year小计total天保工程NFPP退耕还林ACF京津治沙SCP重点防护林ShelterbeltP草原建设GR水土保持WSC200211.420.84.31.61.860.81.36200110+1.94.211.135NANA200010+1.272NA0.443NA1.238199910.83.33NA0.50.73NA1.048我国生态环境建设国家基本投资建设表单位：亿元Investmentinnationalecologicalprojectsforprimaryconstruction(billionyuan)资料来源：中国国民经济发展白皮书（2000-2003）例5、湿地保护社会捐赠资金投入Exp.5Socialdonationforwetlandconservation•1999-2001年全国保护母亲河行动直接收到的筹资4500多万元，其中海外筹资1250多万元。From1999to2001,apublicactivitynamedasprotectingtheYellowRivergatheredmorethan45millionyuan,includingforeigndonation12.5mlnR.M.B.yuan.•在湿地保护和恢复中,当地社区投工投劳是较普遍的社会参与湿地保护活动.•Thecommonwayoflocalcommunityparticipatinginwetlandconservationisthatfarmersinputtheirlaborwithoutpaymentsfromprojectsandactivities.例6、湿地保护国际项目资金投入Exp.6InvestmentinwetlandconservationfromInternationalProject项目名称NameofProject国际组织Nameoforganization投入计算时间Timeperiod投入资金（万美元）Amountofinvestment(tenthousandsUSd.)中国湿地生物多样性保护与可持续利用(WetlandBiodiversityconservationandsustainableuseinChina)UNDP/GEF1168.9白鹤GEF项目GEFSiberianCraneProjectUNEP/GEF400三江平原湿地保护项目SanjiangPlainwetlandconservationprojectADB/GEF2005-20092746长江湿地保护项目YangtzeRiverWetlandProtectionProjectWWF/BGCI/Earthwatch50001一些国际组织湿地保护项目投入表Someinternationalorganizations’investmentinwetlandconservationinChina注1：为中国长江等三大河流的项目资金总数。注2：数据由相关资料统计合成一、中国湿地保护投入机制的现状4、中国湿地保护投入的成效AchievementsandresultsofwetlandconservationinChina•政府投入产生了显著的引导作用Governmentalinvestmentplaysanotabledemonstratingrole•重点湿地得到有效保护keywetlandseffectivelyprotected.Thes