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WaterPapersWaterPapersInvestIngInWaterInfrastructure:Capital,OperationsandMaintenanceDiegoJ.Rodriguez,CarolinevandenBergandAmandaMcMahonNovember2012WaterPapersarepublishedbytheWaterUnit,Transport,WaterandICTDepartment,SustainableDevelopmentVicePresidency.WaterPapersareavailableon-lineat ApprovingManagerJulia BucknallContactInformationThis paper is available online at Authors may also be contacted through the Water Help Desk at the email address above.Disclaimer–WorldBank©2012TheWorldBank1818 H Street NWWashington DC 20433Telephone: 202-473-1000Internet: document is a product of the staff of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/the World Bank. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper do not necessarily re-flect the views of the executive directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.The World Bank does not guarantee the accuracy of the data included in this work. The boundaries, col-ors, denominations, and other information shown on any map in this work do not imply any judgment on the part of The World Bank concerning the legal status of any territory or the endorsement or acceptance of such boundaries.RightsandPermissionsThe material in this work is subject to copyright. Because The World Bank encourages dissemination of its knowledge, this work may be reproduced, in whole or in part, for noncommercial purposes as long as full at-tribution to this work is given.Any queries on rights and licenses, including subsidiary rights, should be addressed to the Office of the Publisher, The World Bank, 1818 H Street NW, Washington, DC 20433, USA; fax: 202-522-2422; e-mail: pubrights@worldbank.org.A summary of this document was prepared as a contribution to the United Nations World Water Assessment Program.AcknowledgmentsThis document was prepared by Diego J. Rodriguez, Caroline van den Berg, and Amanda McMahon. Research assistance was provided by Olusola Ikuforiji. The authors would like to thank the following for their contributions: Alessandra Campanaro, Alexander Bakalian, and Dominick Revell de Waal for their construc-tive feedback in peer reviewing the document; Julia Bucknall for her support and approval; Graciela Testa for editing; and The World Express, Inc. for document layout and design.This work was made possible by the financial contribution of the Water Partnership Program (WPP) – :.Water.in.an.Uncertain.World.......................................................1Background...........................................................................1Financial.Crisis.........................................................................2Climate.Crisis..........................................................................2Food.Crisis............................................................................3Energy.Shocks.and.the.Green.Response.................................................4Section.2:.Investment.Needs.and.Funding.Sources............................................7Global.Investment.Needs...............................................................7Funding.Sources.......................................................................8Public.Contributions................................................................8Official.Development.Assistance.................................................8Public.Expenditure....................................................