美国关税法“337条款”之实证研究

上海交通大学硕士学位论文美国关税法“337条款”之实证研究姓名：郝园园申请学位级别：硕士专业：国际法学指导教师：王光贤20070110337337193033733733720337GATT337GATT1989GATT1994337WTO337WTO337337337TRIPS337337337GATT337337337337GATT/WTOEMPIRICALRESEARCHONSECTION337INU.S.TARIFFACTABSTRACTSection337initiallyappearedinU.S.TariffActof1930.Thetitleofthissectionwas“unfairpracticesinimporttrade”.Atfirst,itwasdraftedtoforbidunfairtradeactionsinimporttrade;toprovideredresstoAmericanindustries.Afterseveralamendmentsandcomplementarities,Section337providedasystemicprotectionforAmericanintellectualpropertyrights.Section337wentthroughazigzagcourse:frombirthtodreariness,reviveagain,andnow,itisflourishing,whichwastheembodimentofAmericantradepolicyinlaw.Duringthepast20years,Section337arousedlotsoffrictionsbetweenAmericaanditstradepartners.UnderGATT,thereweretwopanelreportsonSection337.Onesupportedit;theothernegateditinasmallpart.Americahadamendeditin1994accordingtothenegotiationresultofUruguayRounds.ComparingthesectionafteramendmentwithGATTrules,wefounditstilltreatsAmericanproductsandforeignproductsdifferently.Butthepanelreportwasnotsodefinitethatwecannotdrawaconclusionthatsection337violatesGATTrules.Basedonitshistoryandobjectiveprocedure,comparedwithTRIPSandothertradelaws,Section337haditsjustnesstoexist.Inrecentyears,Section337inflictedheavylossesonChineseenterprises.StartingfromSection337’sjustness,addingtheattitudeofGATTexperts’paneltowardsitand“theAmericanpragmatism”,weforecastSection337willholditsground.Basedonthisforecast,wecandirectChineseenterpriseswhichhavefacedorarelikelytoface337inquisitionsarightway.Theseenterprisesshouldtakeanactivepartinlookingforanoutlet,castoffthepassivecomplexionatpresent.Findwaysout,itisnotonlygoodtoenterprises;itisalsogoodtothehealthydevelopmentofChineseforeigntrade.KEYWORDSSection337ofTariffAct,intellectualpropertyright,GATT/WTOrules,tradeprotection20071102007110200711033711.90337337337337337337337200333733733790198833719943372006337337199433719975337199763373372200463373373373373373371988119942337GATT337337337337WTOGATT3373373373371AndrewS.Newman,“TheAmendmentstoSection337:IncreasedProtectionforIntellectualPropertyRights”,Law&PolicyinInternationalBusiness,Vol.20,1989;MarkModakTruran,“Section337andGATTintheAKZOControversy:APre-andPost-OmnibusTradeandCompetitivenessActAnalysis”,NorthwesternJournalofInternationalLawandBusiness,Vol.9,1988.2ScottHewett,“Section337andtheWTO:CanGATTPanelPrecedentPredicttheFuture?”U.C.DavisJournalofInternationalLaw&Policy,Vol.3,1997;BryanA.Schwartz,“TheFateofSection337LitigationaftertheUruguayRoundAgreementsAct”,LawandPolicyinInternationalBusiness,Vol.27,1995;F.DavidFoster,JoelDavidow,“GATTandReformofU.S.Section337”,InternationalLaw,Vol.30,1996;JoelW.Rogers,JosephP.Whitlock,“IsSection337ConsistentwiththeGATTandtheTRIPSAgreement?”AmericanUniversityInternationalLawReview,Vol.17,2002;LisaBarons,“AmendingSection337toObtainGATTConsistencyandRetainBorderProtection”,LawandPolicyinInternationalBusiness,Vol.22,1991;RalphA.Mittelberger,GaryM.Hnath,“ChangesinSection337asaResultoftheGATTImplementingLegislation”,AIPLAQuarterlyJournals,Vol.22,1994.33732.33733733770337337337337337337337337192231619301974197919881994337337337337337337337420337GATTWTO337337GATT337337GATT19891994337GATT337GATT337TRIPS33733730133733733733733733733733733751337319Title19ofUSCodeCustomsDuties133719U.S.C.133733719303373371974197919881994337199419881337337337337337ITC1.13371.1.1337337192031999414337633741914FederalTradeCommissionActof191453371916RevenueActof19168011922TariffActof1922acatch-allsection519256SyntheticPhenolicResin19223163377Frischer&Co.,Inc.v.BakeliteCorp.8194033719U.S.C.1337(a)3371.1.23371.192219301922316919303374RalphA.Mittelberger,GaryM.Hnath,“ChangesinSection337asaResultoftheGATT-ImplementingLegislation”,AIPLAQuarterlyJournals,Vol.22,1994,pp.468-469.5LisaBarons,“AmendingSection337toObtainGATTConsistencyandRetainBorderProtection”,LawandPolicyofInternationalBusiness,Vol.22,1991,p.293.6Duracellv.UnitedStatesInternationalTradeCommission,778F.2d1580(Fed.Cir.1987).7ReportsoftheUnitedStatesTariffCommission,Vol.31,Rep.No.3,Dec.1930.8Frischer&Co.,Inc.v.BakeliteCorp.,39F.2d247(C.C.P.A.1929),cert.denied,282U.S.852,1930.9RonaldA.Brand,“PrivatePartiesandGATTDisputeResolution:ImplicationsofthePanelReportonSection337oftheUSTariffActof1930,”JournalofWorldTrade,Vol.24,1990,p.8.337710ITC112.1930196819301935ITC3371935337ITCITC337ITC19361954193371940337ITC1968ITC3337123.197419871974337337ITCITCITCITC121813ITC60ITC1974337141979337110510199931511E200059012199931531613337337337337SeeRalphA.Mittelberger,GaryM.Hnath,“ChangesinSection337asaResultoftheGATT-ImplementingLegislation”,AIPLAQuarterlyJournals,Vol.22,1994,p.469.14ScottHewett,“Section337andtheWTO:CanGATTPanelPrecedentPredicttheFuture?”U.C.DavisJournalofInternationalLaw&Policy,Vol.3,1997,p.5.3378ITC15ITC3371ITCITCITCITC163374.1988198833717337271g18199433719953371.23371.2.1337337133733715LisaBarons,“AmendingSection337toObtainGATTConsistencyandRetainBorderProtection”,LawandPolicyofInternationalBusiness,Vol.22,1991,p