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重庆大学硕士学位论文低压线路常见电气火灾原因分析认定及预防措施研究姓名：张学楷申请学位级别：硕士专业：环境工程指导教师：卿晓霞;周修华20051001I123123II45IIIABSTRACTNowadays,electricityasanindispensableenergyresourceiswidelyappliedinourdailylivesandindustries.However,theharmcausedbyfiredisaster(i.e.,theelectricalfire)isn’tbeingoverlooked.Accordingtotherelativedata,inrecentyears,thelow-voltagecircuitfirewasveryseriousandcausedtremendouslifedamageandpropertylossesinourcountry.Meanwhile,therearealsosomeproblemssuchasinadequaterealizationtoanalyzeandcognizanceelectricalfire,thebadpracticeoftechnology-protectionmeasures,andthesuperficialresearchandsoon.Thispaperdiscusses:Byresearchingthereasons,analyticandcognizablemethods,preventivemeasuresoffamiliarlow-voltagefire,tofindouttheconcretemethodsofentireelectricalfireanalysis,enforcepeople’srecognitionoflow-voltagecircuitfire,andimproveanalytic,cognizableandpreventivetechniqueoflow-voltagecircuitfire.Themainresearchcontentsandmethodsasfollows:1)Byanalyzinganddemonstratingthereasonsoffamiliarelectricalfailureandlow-voltagecircuitfirefromcomprehensiveeffectsofelectricaltechniqueandcombustionprinciple,togeneralizethecommonreasonsofelectricalfire,demonstratethemainpreventivemeasuresandsomenoticedproblems.2)Byanalyzinganddemonstratingthereasonsoffamiliarlow-voltagecircuitfirethroughinvestigatingfirefield,collectingwitnessandidentifyingtraceevidenceandsoon,toimprovetheinvestigationtechniqueofelectricalfire.3)Bringforwardcomprehensivepreventionviewforthemaincausesoflow-voltagecircuitfire.Throughexploringsomeaspectssuchasbuildingandconsummatingadministrativeruleandmanagerialsystem,buildingandunifyingtechniquecriterion,reformingcontrolmeasures,researchingdirectionandemphasesandsoon,theauthorbringforwardssomeadvicethatimprovecomprehensivepreventionofelectricalfire.Conclusions1)Atpresent,electricalfiredisasterisseriousinourcountry,especiallysomefamiliarelectricalfailuressuchasshortcircuit,overload,badcontactandcreepageoflow-voltagecircuitandsoon.2)Thecausesoffamiliarlow-voltagecircuitfirearesocomplicatedthatmanyfactorsastechnicalmeasuresandlevelofcontrolmustbeconsideredinordertofindIVoutcorrespondentpreventivemechanisms.Ononehand,electricalfirecausedbylow-voltagecircuitisalmostinevitable.Ontheotherhand,themodesofelectricalfireareworthyofstudyaswellastherelationshipbetweenelectricalfailureandfatalnessoffire.3)Becauseitishardtocognizancethereasonofelectricalfire,manyworkslikeinvestigatingfirefield,collectingwitnessandidentifyingtraceevidencearebasedonourexperiencesinsteadofsystematizedstudy.Thus,theaccuracyofsuchkindofworksshouldbeimproved.Inaddition,itisextremelyimportanttocarryonsomeworkssuchastherelationshipsbetweenelectricaltracesandtheirsurroundings,theinformationcontainedinthefiredisasterevidencesfromprimaryelectricalfailureaswellasfireindubitableelectricalfailure.4)Circuitlayoutsandequipmentinstallationsmustbehandledinlinewiththefirepreventionrequirements,andbasicpreventivemeasuresaretobeputintoeffectproperly.Designingandinstallingtheelectricalcircuitandappliancesshouldbeaccordtoexistingcriterion.Meanwhile,foreigntechniquesshouldbestudiedsoastomakefirepreventionbetter.5)Paymoreattentionandmakeanin-depthresearchonthecomprehensivepreventionmeasuresoftheelectricalfire.KeyWords:Low-voltagecircuit,Electricalfailure,Electricalfire1111.110199510069.48kWh200421840.00kWh19952[1][2]50Hz380V/220V1.11993-2002Table1.1Dataofamountofelectricalfireandeconomiclossinourcountryfrom1993-2002%%199338073937424.6111658.3031352.6028.11994393371058326.9124390.9853762.0043.21995379151059828.0110315.5447910.2543.41996368561049228.5102908.5037265.0936.21997855782271926.5148670.4065336.3043.91998840672315327.5138430.9051683.4037.31999976762423324.8135166.0047864.0035.420001222023193326.1118957.7045310.8038.120011242823095424.994246.9030062.1031.920021395572974121.396625.9031421.2032.580553820378025.31181371.12441967.7437.4121993–2002802025.3%37.4%[3~12]1.11993-20022218[3~12]1.21.21993-2002Table1.2Dataofsevereelectricalfireaccordingtofiresourcefrom1995-2004()(%)22410.1115352.034115.422910.323610.6351.62218100.052.0%1993-20022218[3~12]1.31.31993-2002Table1.3Dataofsevereelectricalfireaccordingtothecauseoffirefrom1993-2002()(%)115252.01024.628012.641018.5391.8120.522310.02218100.01389.5%52.0%123451.21.2.114[13][14],[15]N[16][16]()[17]312133“”“”“”“”1.2.2[18]-[20]19892002[21][22][23]15IEC364[24],[25]-[27][28][29]“”“”“”[30][31][32][33][34]LeeE-P[35],,[36]2001,161.31.3.11.3.212342722.1[37]TN-C-S2.1L1L2L3PEN28()PENNPEPEPEIdPEL1L2L3PENIdIdPEFPENPEIdIdFIdId2.1TN-C-SFig.2.1TN-C-SsystemprincipleTN-S2.2L1L2L3NPETN-C-SL1L2L3NIdIdFPEIdFPEPEIdIdId2.2TN-SFig.2.2TN-Ssystemprinciple29TN-C2.3,TN-C-SPENTN-C-SPEPENL1L2L3PENIdIdPEFFPENNIdId2.3TN-CFig.2.3TN-CsystemprincipleTT2.4TNPEL1L2L3NIdFFIdPEPEIdIdIdIdIdRbRa2.4TTFig.2.4TTsystemprinciple210TN-CPENPENTN-SPEPETN-C-STN-STTIdTT2.22.2.1RrUIdIU—(V)R—(Ω)r—(Ω)I—(A)Id—(A)2.5Fig.2.5Sketchmapofsingle-phaseshortcircuit2112.5RrUI+=2.1rUId=2.2rRIdITN-C-S2.6L1L2L3PENPENPEPE2.6TN-C-SFig.2.6SketchmapofsystemshortcircuitTN-C-SId3[38]∑∑∑=+=Z3UXR3UIp22