观察英汉的差异1.墙上的画2.一个擅长英语的男孩3.那个正在做作业的女孩(前置定语)(后置定语)(前置定语)(前置定语)(后置定语)(后置定语)thepicturesonthewallaboygoodatEnglishthegirldoingherhomework英汉定语位置的差异:汉语的定语习惯放在被修饰语的前面,也就是前置定语,但在英语中,既有前置定语又有后置定语,其中后置定语是较为复杂的也是常给中国学生带来理解和表达障碍的一种定语表现形式。若短语(常见的是形容词短语,介词短语或非谓语动词)或从句作定语时常位于被修饰语的后面。练习:找出下面句子中的后置定语1.Peopletherelikedancing.2.EnglishisoneoftheofficiallanguagesusedinIndia.3.Theyaretakingcareofthecroponthefarm.英汉定语句式调整英语和汉语的语序是有差别的,汉语的定语都是位于被修饰语的前面,英语不仅有前置定语,更多更复杂的是它的后置定语。定语从句属于后置定语。对汉语的调整可以帮助写出含有定语从句的句子。1.图片中的玫瑰(前置定语)调整为后置定语→Therosesinthepicture(后置定语)扩展成句子:我喜欢图片中的玫瑰(前置定语)调整为后置定语→Iliketherosesinthepicture.(后置定语)→玫瑰在图片中的→我喜欢玫瑰在图片中的2.一个怕黑的孩子→孩子怕黑的achildafraidofdarkness扩展成句子:他是个怕黑的孩子。→他是个孩子怕黑的.Heisachildafraidofdarkness.3.那个正在弹钢琴的女孩→那个女孩正在弹钢琴的→Thegirlplayingthepiano扩展成句子:那个正在弹钢琴的女孩是我同学。→那个女孩正在弹钢琴的是我同学。→Thegirlplayingthepianoismyclassmate.先找出下面句子的定语和中心词,调整后翻译成英语:1.地板上的钥匙是我的。2.他是教我数学的老师。调整为:1.钥匙在地板上是我的。2.他是我的老师教我数学。翻译:1.Thekeyonthefloorismine2.Heismyteacherteachingmemaths./Heismyteacherwhoteachesmemaths.定语从句的来源定语从句的来源为初中阶段所学的adj.或adj.短语,介词短语,副词或副词短语,非谓语动词短语所作的作后置定语的还原形式。在其前面加上相应的关系代词和be动词就成定语从句。定语从句修饰的对象在英语中叫先行词,引导定语从句的引导词叫关系代词或关系副词。关系代词1.指人:whowhom2.指物:which3.既指人又指物thatwhose(表示所属关系)as.关系代词+be+后置定语短语→定语从句1.therosesinthepicture→theroseswhichisinthepicture2.achildafraidofdarkness→achildwhoisafraidofdarkness3.thegirlplayingthepiano→thegirlwhoisplayingthepiano练习:把下面句子中的后置定语改成定语从句。1.Theyareenjoyingthepicturesonthewall.2.HeisaboygoodatEnglish.3.Nobodyknowstheboyplayingfootball.答案:1.Theyareenjoyingthepictureswhichareonthewall.2.HeisaboywhoisgoodatEnglish.3.Nobodyknowstheboywhoisplayingfootball.关系代词与关系副词巧判断关系代词1.指人:whowhom2.指物:which3.既指人又指物thatwhose(表示所属关系)as.关系代词具有代词的语法功能,即作主语,宾语,表语。常代替先行词在从句中的位置,但要放在从句的前面。关系副词有when,where,why,that(表示方式,常省略)。关系副词具有副词的语法功能,即作状语。常代替先行词在从句中的位置,但要放在从句的前面。例如:1.Thisisthehospitalthathisdaughtervisitedyesterday.2.Thisisthehospitalwherehisdaughterworks.3.Thisisthehospitalthathisdaughterworksin.关系代词与关系副词巧判断方法:把空格去掉如先行词和从句组成完整的句子就用关系代词,否则就用关系副词。例如:1.ThisisthemountainvillageIvisitedlastyear.2.ThisisthemountainvillageIlivedlastyear.注意:当定语从句中有主语时,先行词要么放在动词后要么放在介词后。关代关副↗↗which/that/--whereThisisthefactory_________makesshoes.Thisisthefactory______hisfatherworks.Thisisthefactory__________wevisitedyesterday.Pleasetellmethereason_______youarelate.Hehastoldmethereason__________canexplainhisabsence(缺席)fromthemeeting.Thereason______________hetolduswasnottrue.which/thatwherewhich/that/--whywhich/thatwhich/that/--Thankyou!并列句到定语从句的转变前提条件,两个句中都含有相同的一部分。若是并列句或两个句子都含有相同的部分时,后面的句子所含的人称代词或副词指的是前面提到那一部分,常常可以把它们改写成定语从句。1.)若两个句子都含有相同的部分时,后面的句子所含的人称代词指的是前面提到的人或者物时,常常可以把它们改写成定语从句。公式即and+人称代词→关系代词常见的代指人或物的关系代词有whowhomthat(人或物)which例如:Thenumberofthepeoplereachedmorethan400000andtheywerekilledorinjured.寻找共同点运用公式Thenumberofthepeoplereachedmorethan400000(andthey→)whowerekilledorinjured.they代指thepeople所以定语从句移到其后,为Thenumberofthepeoplewhowerekilledorinjuredreachedmorethan400000.1.AnotherbigquakeshookTangshananditwasasstrongasthefirstone.寻找共同点运用公式AnotherbigquakeshookTangshan(andit→)whichwasasstrongasthefirstone.it代指quake所以定语从句移到其后,得出定语从句为:AnotherbigquakewhichwasasstrongasthefirstoneshookTangshan.把下面的两组句子改写成含有定语从句的句子。先找出共同部分,再用公式转变,并移动到先行词的后面1.Doyouwantafriend?Youcouldtelleverythingtothem.2.Deviceshavebeendevelopedandtheycanrecognizeandrespondtoahumanvoice.3.Disheshavemuchfatinthemandtheylookedoily.4.Youdon’thavetoturnawayfromthefood,andyouenjoyit.用公式转变1.Doyouwantafriend?Youcouldtelleverythingtohim.(and+him→)whom2.Deviceshavebeendeveloped.(andthey→)whichcanrecognizeandrespondtoahumanvoice.3.Disheshavemuchfatinthem(andthey→)whichlookedoily.4.Youdon’thavetoturnawayfromthefood.Youenjoyit.(andit→)which把得出的从句移到先行词后。1.Doyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto?2.Deviceswhichcanrecognizeandrespondtoahumanvoicehavebeendeveloped.3.Disheswhichlookedoily,havemuchfatinthem.4.Youdon’thavetoturnawayfromthefoodwhichyouenjoy.若是并列句或两个句子都含有相同的部分时,后面的句中含有one’ssth和前面的人或物构成所属的关系。这时可以把它们改写成定语从句。公式即and+形容词性物主代词→whose(whose表示所属关系)例如:Workersbuiltsheltersforsurvivors,andtheirhomeshadbeendestroyed.and+their→whoseWorkersbuiltsheltersforsurvivorswhosehomeshadbeendestroyed.把下面的两组句子改写成含有定语从句的子。。1.Don’tgettooclosetothehouse,anditsroofisunderrepair.2.Iliketheroom,anditswindowfacessouth.答案:Don’tgettooclosetothehouse,whoseroofisunderrepair.Iliketheroomwhosewindowfacessouth.若是并列句或两个句子都含有相同的部分时,后面的句中含有there或then,来代指前面提的时间或地点。这时可以把它们改写成定语从句.公式即and+副词(表示时间或地点)→关系副词或者and+介词短语(表示时间或地点)→关系副词关系副词有三个whenwherewhy(这一公式只适用前两个)Iwillneverforgettheday.Ifirstwenttoschoolthen.and+then→whenIwillneverforgetthedaywhenIfirstwenttoschool.把下面的两组句子改写成含有定语从句的句子。1.Thehouseisbeingrepairednow.LuXunoncelivedthere.2.Wouldyousuggestatime?Wecanhaveatalkatthetime.答案:1.ThehousewhereLuXunoncelivedisbeingrepairednow.2.Wouldyousuggestatimewhenwecanhaveatalk?TranslationDoyouwantafriendwhomyoucouldtelleverythingto?下面的句子翻译成含有定语从句的英语句子。注意先对汉语的定语调整。1.他是一个爱笑的人。2.我不认识刚才和你聊天的那个人。3.这是姑姑上周送给我的书。4.我喜欢姐姐画的画。5.他正