direct-and-indirect-speech

策划：《学生双语报》1use(that)instatementsentences.noinversion(subject-verb,notverb-subject).Presentsimpleintopastsimple(aretowas).Conjunction:Wordorder:Tense:Pronoun:changethepronouns(youtoshe).Hesaidtoher“Youarebeautiful.”Direct:HetoldherIndirect:thatwasshebeautiful.Citedverbchangethecitedverbs(saidtotold).策划：《学生双语报》2Grammar直接引语和间接引语DirectandIndirectSpeech策划：《学生双语报》3Iamthekingofthewholeworld.Whatdoesthelionsay?策划：《学生双语报》4Thelionsaysheisthekingoftheworld.——indirectspeechThelionsays,“I’mthekingofthewholeworld.”——directspeech策划：《学生双语报》5Youarebeautiful.Whatdidthemansaytothewoman?Hetoldherthatshewasbeautiful.Atthepalaceball,PierresaidtoMathilde……策划：《学生双语报》6陈述句直接引语变间接引语注意:人称要变化时态要变化策划：《学生双语报》7Tomsays,“It’sagooddaytoday.”Tomsays(that)it’sagooddaytoday.Hesaid,“I’mastudent.”Hesaid(that)hewasastudent.Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexamination.”Hetoldus(saidtous)thathewouldgiveusanexamination.1.用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略)2.主句的谓语动词可以用say(says,said)that,say(says,said)tosbthat,tell(tells,told)sbthat，不可直接说toldthat策划：《学生双语报》83.人称代词作相应的变化。Tomsaystome,“Ihaveleftmybookinyourroom.”TomTom’smyhehismyTomsaystomethathasleftbookinroom.策划：《学生双语报》9Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.4.时态变化1)主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。Shesays,“I’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.”策划：《学生双语报》10直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时一般过去时过去完成时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般将来时过去将来时过去完成时不变。2)主语谓语动词为过去时态，所有时态退一格。策划：《学生双语报》11DirectSpeechIndirectSpeechShesaid,“Ilikesinging.”Shesaid,“Iamwaitingforabus.”Shesaid,“IvisitedEuropelastyear.”Shesaid,“IhavenevermetanAmerican.”Shesaid,“Iwillseeyounextweek.”Shesaidshelikedsinging.Shesaidshewaswaitingforabus.ShesaidshehadvisitedEuropetheyearbefore.ShesaidshehadnevermetanAmerican.Shesaidshewouldseemethenextweek.策划：《学生双语报》121.“Iamlisteningtomusic,”heanswered.Heansweredthathewaslisteningtomusic.2.Theworkersaid,“Ihaveworkedheresince1997.”Theworkersaidthathehadworkedheresince1997.3.Tomsaid,“Iwasateacherinthepast.”Tomsaidthathehadbeenateacherinthepast.4.Hetoldme,“Iwillgotoschool.”Hetoldmethathewouldgotoschool.5.Tomsaid,“IhadfinishedmyhomeworkonFriday.”TomsaidthathehadfinishedhishomeworkonFriday.Exercises策划：《学生双语报》13Tomsaid,“Iwillbeherethisevening.”Tomsaidthathewouldbetherethatevening.5.直接引语转变为间接引语时，有些指示代词、时间/地点状语、表示方向的动词要发生变化。Tomsaid,“IhavenotseenJohntoday.”TomsaidthathehadnotseenJohnthatday.策划：《学生双语报》14指示代词、时间地点状语、表示方向的动词的变化：直接引语间接引语指示代词this/these时间状语nowtodaytomorrownextweekyesterdaylastnightago地点状语here动词come/bringthat/thosetherego/takethenthatdaythenext/followingdaythenextweekthedaybeforethenightbeforebefore策划：《学生双语报》15•Thebosstoldher,“Iwillleavetomorrow.”Thebosstoldherthathewouldleave_________________.thenextday•Mr.Cooksaid,“shewillcomeherethisevening.”Mr.Cooksaidthatshewould__________________.gotherethatevening.•Hesaid,“Isawherherethreedaysago.”Hesaidthathehadseenher____________________.therethreedaysbefore.策划：《学生双语报》16Thegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.谓语动词时态变化需要注意几点：1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”策划：《学生双语报》172.历史上的事件：Theteachersaid,“WorldWarⅡendedin1945.”→TheteachersaidthatWorldWarⅡendedin1945.策划：《学生双语报》18Exercises:1.Hesaid,“ImafraidIcan’tfinishthiswork.”2.Hesaid,“Ihaven’theardfromhimsinceMay.”3.Tomsaid“Iwillseeyounextweek.”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn’tfinishthatwork.Hesaidthathehadn’theardfromhimsinceMay.Tomsaidthathewouldseemethenextweek.策划：《学生双语报》194.Hesaidtome,“IamlearningEnglishnow.”HesaidtomethathewaslearningEnglishthen.5.Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”HesaidthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.6.Mymothersaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”MymothersaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.策划：《学生双语报》20Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimifItiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.askediswasitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.•间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序一般疑问句策划：《学生双语报》21•Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”•Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.•Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”•HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.策划：《学生双语报》22特殊疑问句：Whendoyouharvesttherice?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthericeyouharvesttherice.heharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenheharvestedtherice.主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序策划：《学生双语报》23•Hesaidtome，“What'syourname?”•Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.•Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”•Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.策划：《学生双语报》24选择疑问句Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.Iasked,“Willyoutakebusortaketrain?”Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain.用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…策划：《学生双语报》255.注意地点的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1.注意时态的变化2.注意人称变化。3.注意指示代词的变化4.注意时间的变化6.注意个别趋向动词的变化策划：《学生双语报》26Exercises:1.Hesaid,“ImafraidIcan’tfinishthiswork.”2.Hesaid,“Ihaven’theardfromhimsinceMay.”3.Tomsaid“Iwillseeyounextweek.”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn’tfinishthatwork.Hesaidthathehadn’theardfromhimsinceMay.Tomsaidthathewouldseemethenextweek.策划：《学生双语报》274.“Whywereyoulateagain?”Theteachersaidtome.5.“Idon’tlikeswimming,”saidSar