英语语法大全

EnglishGrammarUnitTwoNoun1、可数(countable)与不可数(uncountable)名词的转换；2、名词的单(singular)、复数(pluralform)；3、名词作定语(复合名词)；4、名词的搭配;5、名词的属格；6、词语辨析。Importance专有名词(ProperNouns)普通名词(CommonNouns)个体名词(IndividualNouns)集体名词(CollectiveNouns)物质名词(MaterialNouns)抽象名词(AbstractNouns)不可数名词(UncountableNouns)可数名词(CountableNouns)名词的种类Q1：Hegainedhis_____byprinting_____offamouswriters.A.wealth;workB.wealths;worksC.wealths;workD.wealth;works抽象名词和物质名词被称为不可数名词。本题中wealth为不可数名词，works作“作品”解，属单复数同形的可数名词。otherun.（consultConP.13）ThendoEx.A,onP14.1.Ineed______cloth,forI'mhopingtomake______clothes.A.alotof;manyB.much;muchC.many;manyD.many;alot2.Wewaited______forthebus.A.longtimeB.alongtimeC.thelongtimeD.somelongtime3._____workhasbeendonetoimprovethepeople‘slivingstandard.A.ManyB.AgreatmanyC.AlargenumberofD.Agreatdealof4.Theyoungdancerslookedsocharmingintheirbeautifulclothesthatwetook______picturesofthem.A.manyofB.massesofC.thenumberofD.alargeamountof5.Wehaveonlyasofa,atableandabedinournewapartment.Weneedtobuy______morefurniture.A.anyB.manyC.littleD.someABDBD6.Ihear_______boysinyourschoollikeplayingfootballintheirsparetime,thoughotherspreferbasketball.A.quitealotB.quiteafewC.quiteabitD.quitealittle7.Wealwayskeep________sparepaper,incaseweranout.A.toomuchB.anumberofC.plentyofD.agoodmany8.Manypeopleagreethat____ofEnglishisamustininternationaltradetoday.A.aknowledgeB.knowledgesC.knowledgeD.theknowledgeBC1.有些物质名词表示不同种类时可以有复数形式。如，fishes,fruits,teas,allweathers。2.有些抽象名词表示具体的事物时，是可数名词。如,shame/pity(憾事),interest(乐事),pleasure(乐事),surprise(意外事),disappointment(令人失望的人或事),success(成功的人或事),difficulty(难事),help(帮手)等。A不可数名词与可数名词的转换3.表示“一场/段/件/种……”时，要用a或an，此时多有形容词或of短语修饰。如，afinerain(一阵细雨),aheavysnow(一场大雪),alongtime(很长一段时间)。4.表示“一杯/罐/瓶”的tea,coffee,drink,beer等，可以用a(n)或数词修饰，也有复数形式。如twoteasandacoffee(两杯茶和一杯咖啡)；5.有的名词可数与否由意思而定。如：paperglasstimeexerciseexperienceroom见下页有些名词可以兼作可数名词和不可数名词。glass(玻璃)copper(铜)tin(锡)paper(纸)iron(铁)wood(木头)gold(金子)youth(青春)power(力量)beauty(美)pleasure(愉快)relation(关系）aglass(玻璃杯)acopper(铜币／板)atin(罐头)apaper(报纸，证件，论文)aniron(熨斗)awood(树林)agold(金牌)ayouth(年青人)apower(大国)abeauty(美人，美的东西)apleasure(使人感到愉快的事)arelation(亲戚）英语中有许多对词，一个可数，一个不可数。apoem(一首诗)amachine(一台机器)ajob(一件工作)alaugh(一个笑声)apermit(许可证)agarment(一件衣裳)abag(case)(一件行李)aloaf(一只面包)ahair(一根头发)poetry(诗歌总称)machinery(机器总称)work(工作)laughter(笑声)permission(允许)clothing(衣裳总称)luggage,baggage(行李)bread(面包)hair(头发)DoEx2onP16Question1：---Howmanydoesacowhave?---Four.A．stomachesB．stomachC．stomachsD．stomachies以s,sh,ch,x等结尾的名词变复数时加–es；但如果以–ch结尾的名词发音为[k]时，只加–s。另外，以辅音字母+y结尾的名词变复数时，需将y变成i，再加-es；以元音字母+y结尾的则直接加-s。以辅音字母加y结尾的专有名词变复数时，也直接加-s。Question2：The______ofthebuildingarecoveredwithlotsof______.A．roofs;leavesB．rooves;leafsC．roof;leafD．roofs;leafs以f或fe结尾的名词变复数时：a.加s，如：serf---serfsbelief---beliefsroof---roofschief---chiefssafe---safesgulf---gulfs；b.去f,fe加ves，如：half---halvesknife---knivesleaf---leaveswolf---wolveswife---wiveslife---livesthief---thieves；c.均可,如：handkerchief---handkerchiefs/handkerchievesQuestion3：Whenthefarmerreturnedhomehefoundthree______missing.A．sheepsB．sheepesC．sheepD．sheepies当sheep;deer;fish表示数量时，单复数同形；如果表示不同种类，则需加–s或–es。单复数同形的名词有：deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese,Swissworks,means,headQuestion4：Some______visitedourschoollastWednesday.A．GermanB．GermenC．GermansD．Germens国家人的名词需要记住三种情况：1、单复数同形：Chinese;Japanese;Swiss2、需要变形：English-Englishman3、加–s或-es：German–Germans详见下表。6.不同国家的人的单复数名称总称(谓语用复数）一个人两个人中国人theChineseaChinesetwoChinese瑞士人theSwissaSwisstwoSwiss澳大利亚人theAustraliansanAustraliantwoAustralians俄国人theRussiansaRussiantwoRussians意大利人theItaliansanItaliantwoItalians希腊人theGreekaGreektwoGreeks法国人theFrenchaFrenchmantwoFrenchmen日本人theJapaneseaJapanesetwoJapanese美国人theAmericansanAmericantwoAmericans印度人theIndiansanIndiantwoIndians加拿大人theCanadiansaCanadiantwoCanadians德国人theGermansaGermanstwoGermans英国人theEnglishanEnglishmantwoEnglishmen瑞典人theSwedishaSwedetwoSwedesQuestion5：1.Theparticularcattle______visitedbyourschoollastWednesday.A．isB.areC．WasD．were2.This_____mustbetakenimmediately.A．meansB.meanC．meaningD．meanings3.单复数同形的名称：antelope羚羊，bison野牛，buffalo水牛，crab螃蟹，deer，fish鱼，reindeer驯鹿，sheep绵羊；Burmese缅甸人，Cantonese广东人，Chinese中国人，counsel法律顾问，kin亲属，Japanese日本人，Swiss瑞士人；aircraft飞机，craft飞机，spacecraft太船；score二十；series系列；species种类；means方法,brace(双；对),head(牛羊等的头数),précis(文章梗概),series(丛书；系列),species(物种),works（工厂,工事）bellows(风箱)等。ReadtherelatedcontentsonP.16-18.ThendoEx.3andA,Ex.4.4.只有复数形式的名词trousers，pants裤子，shorts短裤，glasses，compasses圆规，scales天平，pliers钳子，clips剪子,trafficlights交通灯，sports,people,police,cattle,fireworks,goods,belongings,earnings,savings,surroundings,valuables,outskirts.[]5.单数形式和复数形式的词义不同的名词如：air(空气)---airs(气派,架势)arm(手臂)---arms(武器)ash(灰)---ashes(骨灰；废墟)authority(权利)---authorities（当局）cloth(织物)---clothes(衣服)content(含量)---contents(目录)custom(习惯)---customs(海关；关税)damage(损害)---damages（赔偿金）force(力量)---forces(武装部队)glass(玻璃)---glasses(眼镜)good(利益)---goods(货物)green(绿色)---greens(青菜)letter(字母)---letters(文学)manner(方式)---manners（举止，仪态）minute(分钟)---minutes(记录)pain(痛苦)---pains(劳苦)paper(纸)---papers(文件)quarter(1/4)---quarters（住处，岗位）spectacle(光景)-