高中英语必修三---课文详解Book-3---unit-4

必修三Unit4课文详解杨磊译注1必修三Unit4Astronomy:theScienceOfTheStars天文学：恒星的科学I．Vocabularyastronomyn.天文学astronomern.天文学家solarsystem太阳系religionn.宗教；宗教信仰theoryn.学说；理论BigBang宇宙大爆炸；创世大爆炸atomn.原子globen.球体；地球仪；地球violentadj.猛烈的；激烈的carbonn.碳nitrogenn.氮vapourn.蒸汽；水蒸气atmospheren.大气层；气氛fundamentaladj.基本的；基础的dissolvevt.&vi.溶解；解散harmfuladj.有害的getthehangof熟悉；掌握；理解breakout突发；爆发acidn.酸reactionn.反应；回应multiplyvi.&vt.乘；增加oxygenn.氧shellfishn.水生有壳动物amphibiann.两栖动物reptilen.爬行动物；爬虫layeggs下蛋dinosaurn.恐龙existvi.存在；生存mammaln.哺乳动物givebirthto产生；分娩inone’sturn轮到某人；接着carbondioxide二氧化碳prevent…from…阻止；制止puzzlen.迷；难题vt.&vi.exhaustvt.用尽；耗尽；使精疲力竭cabinn.小屋；船舱biologistn.生物学家biologyn.生物学gravityn.万有引力；重力satelliten.卫星；人造卫星gentleadj.温和的；文雅的geologistn.地质学家physicistsn.物理学家blockout挡住（光线）extinctadj.灭绝的；绝种的climaten.气候cometn.彗星crashvi.&vt.碰撞；坠落lessenvi.&vt.减少；减轻cheerup感到高兴；感到兴奋weightlesslyadv.失重地massn.质量；团；块；大量nowthat既然watchout密切注意；当心；提防II．ReadingHOWLIFEBEGANONTHEEARTH地球上的生命是怎样开始的Nooneknowsexactlyhowtheearthbegan,asithappenedsolongago.由于地球的产生是那么的久远，所以没有人确切知道地球是怎样产生的。【注释：asithappened碰巧eg.Theywereallout,asithappened.真巧,他们全出去了。】However,accordingtoawidelyacceptedtheory,theuniversebeganwitha“BigBang”thatthrewmatterinalldirections.然而，根据一个广泛接受的理论，宇宙开始于一次“创世大爆炸”，该爆炸将物质抛向各个方向。【注释：inalldirections四面八方；各个方向eg.Thebirdsflewawayinalldirectionswhenhefiredasalutewitha“bang”.当他“砰”的一声鸣礼炮时，鸟飞向各个方向。】Afterthat,atomsbegantoformandcombinetocreatestarsandotherbodies.之后，原子开始形成，并结合形成恒星和其他物体。Forseveralbillionyearsafterthe“BigBang”,theearthwasstilljustacloudofdust.就在“宇宙大爆炸”之后的几十亿年间，地球依然是一团尘埃。Whatitwastobecomewasuncertainuntilbetween4.5and3.8billionyearsagowhenthedustsettledintoasolidglobe.这一团尘埃会变成什么还不能确定，直到45亿至38亿年前，这团尘埃才形成一个固定的球体。【注释：settleinto有头绪,上正轨eg.Thingssoonsettledintoshape.事情很快有了头绪。】Theearthbecamesoviolentthatitwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.地球变得如此剧烈，以致于它能否持续下来还不清楚。【注释：①so…that…如此…以致于…：eg.ThewordstumbledoutsofastthatIcouldbarelyhearthem.话说得那么快，我几乎都听不清。②itwasnotclearwhethertheshapewouldlastornot.句中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是whethertheshapewouldlastornot.】Itexplodedloudlywithfireandrock.“大爆炸”发生时伴有(艳丽的)火焰和岩石。【注释：explodevt.&vi.使爆炸；爆发explodewithanger勃然大怒；explodewithlaughter哄然大笑；explodeintolaughter突然大笑起来；explodeintopieces炸得粉碎。如：Manypeoplewereinjuredwhentheboilerexploded.锅炉爆炸时，许多人受了伤。】Theywereintimetoproducecarbon,nitrogen,watervapourandothergases,whichweretomaketheearth’satmosphere.他们最终形成了碳、氮、水蒸气和其它气体，而这些就构成了地球的大气。【注释：intime(1)迟早,最后eg.Intimeyou'llforgethim.你迟早会忘了他的。(2)及时,不迟eg.Heisbelievedtoarriveintime.相信他会及时到达。必修三Unit4课文详解杨磊译注2againsttime争分夺秒地，尽快地eg.hewasworkingagainsttime.他正争分夺秒地工作。aheadoftime提前，提早eg.Wecompletedtheworkfivedaysaheadoftime.我们提前五天完成工作。allthetime一直，始终eg.Ihavebeenbusyallthetime.我一直很忙。atnotime绝不，在任何情况下都不eg.Atnotimewillwegiveup.我们绝不屈服。innotime立刻，马上eg.I'llbebackinnotime.我马上就回来。atonetime曾经；atatime一次；atthesametime同时，然而，可是；fromtimetotime有时，偶尔考题：1.______，IlostheartinEnglishlearning，butmyteacheroftensaidtome，“Keeponstudyinghard,andyou’llsucceed_______.”A．Atatime；intimeB．Atatime；ontimeC．Atonetime；intimeD．Atonetime；ontime2.—Doesheoftenaskyouforhelp?—Oh，no，only________.A．allthetimeB．atonetimeC．atatimeD．attimes3．—IamafraidIcan’treturnthebooktoyoubeforeFriday.—________.A．Don’tbeafraidB．BecarefulC．NotatallD．Takeyourtime】Whatisevenmoreimportantisthatastheearthcooleddown,waterbegantoappearonitssurface.更为重要的是：当地球冷却下来后，水开始在地球表面出现了。【注释：①whatisevenmoreimportant是由what引导的名词从句作主语；that…onitssurface是由that引导的名词从句作表语，系表语从句，在这个表语从句中又含有由as引导的时间状语从句。②whatismore而且,此外;更有甚者eg.Theyaregoingtogetmarried,andwhat'smoretheyaresettingupinbusinesstogether.他们就要结婚了,而且还要一起做生意呢。】WaterhadalsoappearedonotherplanetslikeMarsbutunliketheearth,ithaddisappearedlater.水在其它行星上如火星也出现过，不过，不像地球上，它消失了。Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthatwaterwastobefundamentaltothedevelopmentoflife.（但），这并没有立刻就表明：水是生命发展的必要部分。【注释：①fundamentaladj.基本的;重要的,必要的eg.Freshairisfundamentaltogoodhealth.新鲜空气对健康是不可缺少的。②Itwasnotimmediatelyobviousthat…句中的“it”是形式主语，that从句是真正的主语从句。】Whatmanyscientistsbelieveisthatthecontinuedpresenceofwaterallowedtheearthtodissolveharmfulgasesandacidsintotheoceansandseas.许多科学家认为水的持续存在让地球将有害的气体和酸溶解到海洋中去。【注释：①Whatmanyscientistsbelieve是由what引导的主语从句，作整个句子的主语。②dissolvevt.&vi.(使)溶解eg.Thesundissolvessnow.太阳使雪融化。③harmfuladj.有害的；伤害的beharmfulto…对…有害处eg.Smokingisharmfultoyourhealth.吸烟有害健康。dosb.harm/doharmtosb.对某人有害；domoreharmthangood弊大于利；Thereisnoharmin(sb’s)doingsth.(=Itdoesnoharm(forsb.)todosth.)做某事无害处；cometoharm身体上、精神上或道义上受到损害；dosb.good/dogoodtosb.对某人有好处。如：1)Thecourtcasewilldoseriousharmtomybusiness.这起诉讼案件将严重损害我的生意。2)Mybrother'sshipwascaughtinastormbuthecametonoharm.我兄弟的船遇上了暴风雨,但他没出事。3)Youshoulddogoodtoothers.你应该对人行善。4)Ifweinterfere,itmaydomoreharmthangood.如果我们干预的话,可能弊多利少。】Thisproducedachainreaction,whichmadeitpossibleforlifetodevelop.这产生了一系列的反应，这种反应使得生命的产生成为可能。【注释：madeitpossibleforlifetodevelop中的“it”是形式宾语，真正的宾语为forlifetodevelop.】Manymillionsofyearslater,thefirstextremelysmallplantsbegantoappearonthesurfaceofthewater.数百万年之后，在水的表面上开始出现最初的极其微小的植物。【注释：extremelyadv.极端;极其;非常eg.1)Thatisextremelyinteresting.那极为有趣。2)Outwardlyshelookedconfidentbutinrealityshefeltex