刘炳善《英国文学简史》完整版笔记

英国文学简史完全笔记Partone：earlyandmedievalenglishliteratureChapter1:themakingofengland1theBriton2theRomanConsequent3theEnglishConsequent4thesocialconditionoftheAnglo-SaxonsChapter2:BeowulfBeowulf贝奥武夫:thenationalepicoftheAnglo-SaxonsEpic:longnarrativepoemsthatrecordtheadventuresorheroicdeedsofaheroenactedinvastlandscapes.Thestyleofepicisgrandandelevated.e.g.Homer’sIliadandOdysseyArtisticfeatures:1Usingalliteration2UsingmetaphorandunderstatementDefinitionofalliteration:arhetoricaldevice,meaningsomewordsinasentencebeginwiththesameconsonantsound（头韵）SomeexamplesonP5Definitionofunderstatement:expressingsomethinginacontrolledwayUnderstatementisatypicalwayforEnglishmentoexpresstheirideasChapter3:FeudalEngland1theNormanConquest:①theDanishinvasionKingAlfred:theAnglo-SaxonChronicle②theNormanConquest:MarkstheestablishmentoffeudalisminEngland\2FeudaEnglandSocialfeaturesoftheFeudaEngland：Twoclasses（landlordandpeasant）Themiseriesofthepeasant：BlackDeathTheraisingof13813theRomance:knightFamousthree:KingArthurSirGawainandtheGreenKnightBeowulfChapter4WilliamLanglandPiersThePlowman耕者皮尔斯:apictureoffeudalEngland①theexposureoftherulingclasses②thestoryoftheCatandRats③themarriageofladyMeed④theconditionofthepeasants⑤thesearchfortruth⑥arepresentativeofthemostoppressedsectionofthepeasantryArtisticfeatures:ItiswrittenintheformofadreamvisionUsingsymbolismChapter5theEnglishBllads民谣OralliteratureBallad:isastorytoldinsong,usuallyin4-linestanzas,withthesecondandfourthlinesrhymed.TheRobinHoodBalladChapter6GeofferyChaucer英国文学史上首先用伦敦方言写作。约翰·德莱顿（JohnDryden）称其为“英国诗歌之父”ThefatherofEnglishpoetry.writingstyle:wisdom,humor,humanity.①TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集：firsttimetouse‘heroiccouplet’(双韵体)bymiddleEnglish②TroilusandCriseyde特罗伊拉斯和克莱希德③TheHouseofFame声誉之宫PartTwo：TheEnglishRenaissanceAperiodofdramaandpoetry.TheElizabethandramaistherealmainstreamoftheEnglishRenaissance.Chapter1OldEnglandintransition1thenewmonarchy2thereformation3theEnglishBible：JhonWycliffe,translatedthefirstcompleteEnglishBileAuthorizedVersion:alsocalledKingJamesBible4theenclosuremovement5thecommercialexoansion6thewarbetweenSpain：itendedwiththerouteoftheSpanishfleetArmada7theRenaissanceandHumanismRenaissance:theactivity,spirit,ortimeofthegreatrevivalofart,literature,andlearninginEuropebeginninginthe14thcenturyandextendingtothe17thcentury,markingthetransitionfromthemedievaltothemodernworld.Humanismisthekey-noteoftheRenaissance.Humanism:reflectedthenewoutlookoftherisingbourgeoisclass,whichsawtheworldopenningbeforeit.ThreehistoricaleventsoftheRenaissance–rebirthorrevival:1.newdiscoveriesingeographyandastrology2.thereligiousreformationandeconomicexpansion3.rediscoveryofancientRomanandGreekcultureThemostfamousdramatists:ChristopherMarloweWilliamShakespeare8WilliamCaxton:thefirstEnglishprinterChapter2ThomasMoreOneofthegreatestEnglishhumanistsUtopia乌托邦:anidealcommunistsocietyThomas:1norevolutionaryinthesenseofwishingtoarousethepeopleortostartanymovement2stillretainsthefeaturesofclassexploitation3hecouldneverfindatthattimethemeansbywhichsocialismcouldberealized.Chapter3thefloweringofEnglishliterature1theflourishingofliterature2SirPhilipSidneyApoetandcriticpoetryAstrophelandStella,ApologyforpoetryWalterRaleigh:DiscoveryofGuiana3EdmundSpenser埃德蒙•斯宾塞1552~1599Thepoets’poet.ThefirsttobeburiedinthePoet’scornerofWesterminsterAbbey①TheFaerieQueene仙后(forQueenElizabeth)Itiswritteninaspecialverseformthatconsistsof8iambicpentameterlinesfollowedbya9lineof6iambicfeet(analexandrine),withtherhymeschemeababbcbbcThethemeisnot“Armsandtheman”,butsomethingmoreromantic“Fiercewarsandfaithfulloves”.Artisticfeatures:UsingSpenserianStanzaDefinitionofSpenserianStanza:astanzaofninelinesababbcbcc.Eightlinesiniambicpentameter,andlastlineiniambichexameter.②TheShepherdsCalendar牧人日历ThethemeistolamentoverthelossofRosalind.③Amoretti爱情小唱4JohnLylygentlereaderEuphues5FrancisBacon弗兰西斯•培根1561~1626（哲学家、散文家；在论述探究知识的著作中提出了知识就是力量这一著名论断；近代唯物主义哲学的奠基人和近代实验科学的先驱。）ThefounderofEnglishmaterialistThefounderofmodernscienceinEnglishPhilosopher,scientist,laythefoundationformodernscience.ThefirstEnglishessayist.Writingstyle:brevity,compactness&powerfulness,well-arrangingandenrichingbyBiblicalallusions,metaphorsandphilosophytoman’sreason.①TheAdvancementofLearning学术的推进②Essays随笔(famousquotas:Ofstudies)ThethemeofOfStudies:usesandbenefitsofstudyanddifferentwaysadoptedbydifferentpeopletopursuestudies.Chapter4DramaThehighestgloryoftheEnglishRenaissancewasunquestionablyitsdrama1themiracleplay2themoralityplay3theinterlude4theclassicaldrama5theLondontheatreChapter5ChristopherMarlowe柯里斯托弗•马洛1564~1595“UniversityWits”,thepioneerofEnglishdrama（完善了无韵体诗。）Blankverse:writteninunrhymediambicpentameter.①TheTragicalHistoryofDoctorFaustus浮士德博士的悲剧（根据德国民间故事书写成）②Tamburlaine帖木耳大帝③TheJewofMalta马耳他的犹太人Significanceofhisplays:1theheroesofhisplaysaregenerallydistinguishedbyaresolutecharacter,ascornoforthodoxcreeds,andanoverpoweringpaasion.2Thepraiseofindividualityfreedfromtherestraintsofmedievaldogmasandlaw,andtheconvictionoftheboundlesspossibilityofhumaneffor