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高一英语语法定语从句（Ⅰ）第1页共4页班别：姓名：学号：；定语从句（Ⅰ）一、概念(1)定语从句：用来修饰一个名词或代词的句子，一般紧接在先行词后面。(2)先行词：被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。(3)引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。二、关系词的作用1)引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；2)必在从句中作某个句子成份（可以做主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语）三、关系词的分类常用的关系代词:that、which、who、whom、as,在从句中作主语或宾语，whose作定语)常用的关系副词（在从句中只作状语）:when、why、whereThestudentwhoansweredthequestionwasJohn.Iknowthereasonwhyhewassoangry.Theboy(whom)youaretalkingtoismybrother.I'dlikearoomwhosewindowlooksoutoverthesea.四、关系词的判断选择（1）找出先行词；（2）看先行词在定语从句中的成份（作主语、宾语或定语等）五、几个关系代词的基本用法：先行词作主语作宾语作定语人who,thatwho(m),thatwhose物which,thatwhich,thatwhose高一英语语法定语从句（Ⅰ）第2页共4页●that:可指人或物；在定语从句中作主语或宾语。(指人时，相当于who或whom；指物时，相当于which)1.Doyouknowthegentlemanthat/whospokejustnow?2.Whatisthequestion(that/which)theyaretalkingabout?3.Hereistheman(who/whom/that)youwanttosee.4.She'snolongerthegirl(that)sheusedtobebefore.●which:指物；在定语从句中作主语或宾语。如：1.Thebookwhich/thatwasonthedeskwasboughtbymyfather.2.Thebook(which/that)Iboughtyesterdayisveryinteresting.●who,whom,whose:who:主格,在定语从句中作主语或宾语，只可指人。whom:宾格，在定语从句中作宾语,只可指人。whose:所有格，在定语从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。1.Ilikethestudentswho/thatworkhard.3.He'samanfromwhomweshouldlearn.=He'saman(whom/who/that)weshouldlearnfrom.4.Achildwhoseparentsaredeadiscalledanorphan.六、几个易混淆的关系代词的比较●that&which:1、在定语从句中，which和that在指代事物时，一般可以互换使用，但并非在任何情况下都是这样，这里介绍宜用that,而不宜用which的情况.①先行词为不定代词,all,much,something,everything,anything,nothing,none,theone等,1.Weshoulddoallthatisusefultothepeople.2.There'snothingthatcanbesaidaboutit.3.Doyoumeantheonethatwasboughtyesterday?②先行词被only,any,few,little,no,just,very,oneof等词修饰时。1.Theonlythingthatwecoulddowastowait.2.That'stheverywordthatiswronglyused.高一英语语法定语从句（Ⅰ）第3页共4页3.Thelastplace(that)wevisitedwasthechemicalworks.③先行词是序数词时或被序数词修饰时。1.WhenwetalkaboutWuxi,thefirstthatcomesintomindisTaiLake.2.Thisisthethirdfilmthathasbeenshowninourschoolthisterm.④先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。Thisisthebestthatcanbedonenow.⑤先行词既有人又有物，用which和who都不适合，这时宜用that.如：Thewriterandhisnovelthatyouhavejusttalkedaboutisreallywellknown.⑥如果有两个从句，其中一个关系代词已用which,另一个关系代词宜用that，以避免语言的单调或重复。Edisonbuiltupafactorywhichproducedthingsthathadneverbeenseenbefore.⑦主句是Therebe结构，修饰其主句的定语从句宜用that作关系代词.如：Thereisstillaseatinthecornerthatisstillfree.2、定语从句中宜用which而不宜用that的情况:①当关系代词的前面有介词时.Azooisaparkinwhichmanykindsofanimalsarekeptforexhibition.②在一个句子中有两个定语从句，其中一个定语从句的关系代词用了that,另一个宜用which.LetmeshowyouthenovelthatIborrowedfromthelibrarywhichwasnewlyopentous.③先行词本身是that,宜用which.What'sthatwhichsheislookingat?④先行词是those+复数名词.Ashopshouldkeepastockofthosegoodswhichsellbest.高一英语语法定语从句（Ⅰ）第4页共4页Exercise一、分析定语从句(请用“”划出定语从句，并用“”标出先行词)1.AnotherthingthatIfoundverydifficultwasEnglishgrammar.3.Youcouldn’tunderstandpeoplewhotalkedfast.4.Ihavesomeideasthatmayhelpyou.5.Theysaidsomethingyoudidn’tlike.6.MyfriendsandItalkedabouttherulesthatwehaveinschool.二、单项选择（）1.Theplace_______interestedmemostwastheChildren'sPalace.A.WhichB.whereC.whatD.inwhich（）2.Thefactory______we'llvisitnextweekisnotfarfromhere.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich（）3.Iwanttousethesamedictionary______wasusedyesterday.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.as（）4.Hetalkedalotaboutthingsandpersons________theyrememberedintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.what（）5.Theletterisfrommysister______isworkinginBeijing.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who（）6.Ilostabook,______Ican'tremembernow.A.whosetitleB.itstitleC.thetitleofitD.thetitleofthat（）7.Smoking_______isabadhabitispopular.A.theB.whichC.itD.though（）8.Isoxygentheonlygas_______helpsfireburn?A.thatB./C.whichD.it三、用适当的关系词填空1.Doyoustillremembertheplace_______wevisited?2.Ireadthebookyoulikedsomuch.3.Thiswomanlivesnexttousisverykind.4.Helivesintheroom____windowfacestothesouth.