灌溉排水工程课程设计

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湖南农业大学工学院课程设计说明书课程名称:灌溉排水工程学题目名称:马清河灌区灌溉系统的规划设计班级:2009级水利水电专业01班姓名:陶仕平学号:200940616102指导教师:王辉评定成绩:教师评语:指导老师签名:20年月日马清河灌区灌溉系统的规划设计1.基本资料1.1灌区基本情况灌区位于界荣山以南,马清河以北,(20m等高线以下的)总面积约12万亩。气候温和。无霜期长,适宜于农作物生长。年平均气温16.5℃,多年平均蒸发量1065mm,多年平均降水量1112mm。灌区人口总数约8万,劳动力1.9万。申溪以西属兴隆乡,以东属大胜乡。根据农业规划,界荣山上以林、牧、副业为主,20m等高线以下则以大田作物为主,种植稻,麦,棉,豆等作物。灌区上游土质属中壤,下游龙尾河一带属轻壤土。地下水埋深一般为4~5m,土壤及地下水的pH值属中性,无盐碱化威胁。界荣山、龙尾山等属土质丘陵,表土属中粘壤土,地表5~6m以下为岩层,申溪及吴家沟等沟溪均有岩石露头,马头山陈村以南至马清河边岩石遍布地表。吴家沟等沟溪纵坡较大,下切较深,一般为7~8m,上游宽50~60m,下游宽70~90m,遇暴雨时易发洪水,近年来已在各沟,溪上游修多处小型水库,山洪已基本得到控制,对灌区无威胁。Q灌区为马清河流域规划的组成部分,根据规划要求,已在兴隆峪上游20km处(图外)建大型水库一座,坝顶高程林50.2m,正常水位43.0m,兴利库容1.2×108m3,总库容2.3×108m3。Q灌区拟在该水库下游A-A断面处修建拦河坝式取水枢纽,引取水库水发电则利用尾水进行灌溉。A-A断面处河底高程30m,砂、卵石覆盖层厚2.5m,下为基岩,河道比降1/100,河底宽82m,河面宽120m,水库所供之水水质良好,含沙量极微,水量亦能完全满足灌区用水要求。1.2气象根据当地气象站资料,设计的中等干旱年(相当于1972年)4~11月水面蒸发量(80cm口径蒸发皿)及降水量见表2-1及表2-2。1.3种植计划及灌溉经验灌区以种植水稻为主,兼有少量旱作物,各种作物种植比例见表1-3。表2-1设计年蒸发量统计月份4567891011蒸发量(mm)97.5118.0143.7174.9196.5144.7101.175.6表2-2设计年降水量统计日月份4567891017.64.6212.717.418.533.41.97.3492.055.31.210.864.87.9-2.878.628.582.5919.1103.6112.52.1121.920137.52.31412.11.91.91510.0166.04.13.532.81724.5181.3191.6204.312.611.5211.818.5222.110.620.22.53.6231.410.74.52435.47.4256.2261.5271.1281.53.729307.7313.6月计72.9212.1107.339.825.037.3103.5表2-3作物种植比例作物早稻中稻双季晚稻棉花种植比例(%)50305020根据该地区灌溉试验站观测资料,设计年(1972)早稻及棉花的基本观测数据如表2-4及表2-5所示;中稻及晚稻的丰产灌溉制度列于表2-6。表2-4早稻试验基本数据生育阶段复苗分孽前分孽后孕穗抽穗乳熟黄熟全生育期起止日期(日/月)25/4-4/55/5-14/515/5-1/62/6-16/617/6-30/61/7-11/712/7-20/725/4-20/7天数101018151411987模比系数(%)7818252l138100田间允许水层深(mm)10-30-5010-40-8020-50-8020-50-10020-50-9010-40-50湿润渗透强度(mm/d)1.31.31.31.31.31.31.3附注全生育期需水系数=1.0。表2-5棉花试验基本数据生育阶段幼苗期现蕾期开花结铃期吐絮期全生育期起止日期(日/月)21/4-16/617/6-28/729/7-26/827/8-6/1121/4-6/11模比系数(%)18302428100地下水补给量占作物需水量的(%)10202225计划湿润层深(m)0.4-0.50.5-0.60.6-0.70.7注:计划产量120Kg;需水量系数K=2.67m3/Kg;土壤孔隙率48%(占土体的百分数);土壤适宜含水率上限为70%(占空隙体积的百分数),下限为35%(占空隙%);田间最大持水率为70%(占空隙%);播种时,计划层土壤储水量为72m3/亩;播前灌之前土壤计划润湿层(0.4m)内的平均含水率θ0=40%(占空隙体积的百分数)。增加的计划润湿层的平均含水率可按50%(占空隙体积的百分数)计。表2-6中稻、双季晚稻设计年丰产灌溉制度中稻双季晚稻灌水次序灌水时间(日/月)灌水定额(m3/公顷)灌水次序灌水时间(日/月)灌水定额(m3/公顷)17/550119/750226/525227/71534/62531/825410/62547/820520/630512/82562/730623/83078/730727/830814/730831/830922/73096/9301029/7251012/9301110/8301119/9301230/920灌溉定额320(m3/公顷)灌溉定额335(m3/公顷)早稻及棉花的灌溉设计蒸发量月份4567891011年蒸发量(mm)97.5118.0143.7174.9196.5144.7101.175.6平均日蒸发量(mm)3.253.814.795.646.344.823.262.52日期月日生育期设计淹灌水层(mm)逐日耗水量(mm)逐日降雨量(mm)淹灌水层(mm)灌水量(mm)排水量(mm)4.13泡田期10-30-504.557.537.0534.11412.144.61540.051635.51730.95181.327.71923.15204.322.9211.820.15222.117.7231.414.55241025复苗期10-30-5035.45302630.92726.35281.523.32918.753014.25.015.1129.09200223.98033.422.270492.05059.1605分蘖前10-40-801.246.09067.948.880728.572.270867.160962.051056.94112.554.33126.455.621350.511445.415分蘖后20-50-9040.29166.041.181724.560.571855.461950.352045.242140.132210.645.622310.751.212446.12540.9926分蘖后20-50-9035.88271.131.87283.730.462925.353020.243145.13306.016.0939.0402孕穗20-50-10017.450.35031.946.160440.070533.980627.890721.80855.71400949.621043.531137.441231.351325.26141.921.071554.98401648.8917抽穗20-50-9042.81836.711930.622024.532148.44302249.2901.552383.912435.49023.222583.91261.579.322773.232867.142961.053054.96701乳熟10-40-5048.020241.080334.140427.20520.260613.320736.3830校核验算:chPdMWh始末0+337.8-499.35-83.93+255.48=10故校核满足要求。泡田日期为4月13日至4月24日,泡田定额为亩/703mm,mm86S1。12305.97te11mmM4.105.303986667.0h30.5)-39860.667(h)P-teS(h667.0M100111101即得初始淹灌水层为10.4mm.早稻设计灌溉制度灌水次数灌水时间灌水定额mmm3/亩14.1334.122.724.25302035.012013.345.31302056.084026.766.154026.776.21302087.07302097.111.380.9棉花灌溉制度的制定08乳熟10-40-506.9429.440922.51015.5611101.3812黄熟湿润13141510.0164.117181920合计499.35337.8255.4883.93WT=100*50%*48%=24(mm)=35.98(m3/亩)Wo=72000/667=107.9(mm)=161.77(m3/亩)公顷亩/36.21/4.32067.212033mmKYET幼苗期:公顷亩/84.3/67.5718.04.3203311mmETkET现蕾期:公顷亩/41.6/12.963.04.3203322mmETkET开花结铃期:公顷亩/13.5/9.7624.04.3203333mmETkET叶絮期:公顷亩/98.5/71.8928.04.3203344mmETkET日期旬生育期Wmax(m3/亩)Wmin(m3/亩)H(m)ET(m3/亩)K(m3/亩)Wt(m3/亩)t降雨量(mm)P0(m3/亩)时段初水量(m3/亩)时段末水量(m3/亩)灌水量(m3/亩)4下旬幼苗期112.778.90.59.61.02.76.84.57280.6105上旬0.59.61.02.713366.580.6112.7-28.5中旬0.59.61.02.739.426.3112.7112.7-20.4下旬0.59.61.02.726.117.4112.7112.7-11.56上旬0.59.61.02.719.312.9112.7112.7-7.0中旬0.59.61.02.71.90112.7106.8下旬现蕾期140.998.60.624.04.84.086.143.1106.8128.87上旬0.624.04.84.000128.8113.6中旬0.624.04.84.014.19.4113.6107.8下旬0.624.04.84.025.717.1107.8109.78上旬开花结铃期169.0118.30.725.65.65.310.87.2109.7162.260.0中旬0.725.65.65.314.29.5162.2157下旬0.725.65.65.300157142.39上旬吐絮期197.2138.10.712.83.22.37.34.9142.3139.9中旬0.712.83.22.37.95.3139.9137.3下旬0.712.83.22.322.114.7137.3144.710上旬0.712.83.22.351.125.6144.7163中旬0.712.83.22.346.230.8163186.5下旬0.712.83.22.36.24.1186.5183.311上旬0.712.83.22.3320.064.464.2294.82.6校核:Wt-W0=WT+P0+K+M-ET183.3-72=111.3=64.2+294.8+64.4+2.6-320.0棉花设计灌溉制度灌水次数灌水时间灌水定额14月21日10(m3/亩)28月1日60(m3/亩)早稻、中稻、双季晚稻、棉花灌水率作物作物所占面积(%)灌水次数灌水定额(m3/亩)灌溉时间(日/月)灌水延续时间(d)灌水率[m3/(s万亩早稻501(泡田)22.74.13100.132204.2540.28313.35.0140.194205.3140.28526.76.0840.38626.76.1540.387206.2140.288207.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