普华永道--财务管理最佳实践之现金管理

CashMgmtupdateBestPracticeFinancialProcesses:CashManagement2PwC175gCashManagement-BestPracticeObjectivesCashManagementObjectivesOrganisationPeopleProcessesControlsMeasuresInformationSystemsManageshorttermliquidityandlongtermfundingrequirementsMinimisecompany’scostofcapitalEfficientlymanagetheprocessingofcashtransactionsEffectivelyforecastcashrequirementsManagepettycashefficientlyCentralisedcashoffice&poolingIntegratedwithAccountsfunctionsRecord/managereceiptsandpaymentsManagecashpositionPerformreconciliationsPerformperiodendclosing&reportingPolicies&ProceduresBankliaisonAuthorisationlimitsInternalcontrolsSpeedofreportingAccuracyofforecastingReturnonCapitalIntegratedbankaccountwithsub-ledgersAutomaticbankreconciliationsOn-line/realtimeCashforecastingCashmanagementskillsLiaisonwithfinancialinstitutions3PwC175gProcessFeaturesSegregatecashmanagementfromaccountsreceivableandaccountspayablefunctionsLocalisecashcollectionMinimiselevelofpettycashrequirementsTransmitmechanismsevaluatedoncostandriskbasisCreatenettingarrangementwithinternalbusinesspartnersObtainpan-EuropeanbankingfacilitiesthatallownettingoffofaccountbalancesMapcashcollectionandpaymentcycles,identifyactionstominimisetheseperiodsMinimumnumberofbankingrelationshipsmaintainedtoensurecoverageandpurchasingpowerClearunmatchedcashwithin1dayRegularreconciliationofallcashbooks.MaintainpettycashimprestsystemsObtainaccesstoonlinebankstatementsMonitorthecostofcashtransmissionmechanismsCashbalancesreportedonadailybasisbyaccountandbusinesscentresTreasurydetermineshorttermcashrequirementsfromcashforecastanddailyreportCashsurplusesmanagedbyTreasuryPettycash/foreigncurrencyfloatsperiodicallyauditedCompanyloanaccountsreconciledmonthlyTreasuryconsolidateandmanagecashforecastrequirementsMonitorbankfacilitiestominimiseinterestpaymentsandmaximisereceiptsForecastcashonaregularbasis:rolling12monthforecast-annual5yearaheadreviewsCashManagement-BestPracticeFeaturesEstablishandmaintaincashcontrolmechanismsPerformbankreconciliationsReportandmanagecashbalancesForecastcashrequirements4PwC175gSystemFeaturesEDIusedformajorityofpaymentsandreceiptsComprehensivesystemsecurityandpasswordfeaturesforpaymentMulti-currencysystems.TransmissionusedforbankstatementsBankremittancenoticesissuedwithsalesinvoicesElectronicreconciliationofbankstatementandcashbookCurrencyratesavailableforsterlingequivalentsIndividualbankaccountcashbalancereportsproducedonadailybasisSummaryconsolidatedcashreportsavailableon-linetoTreasuryIntercompanynettingbankaccountsreconciledautomaticallyIntegratedenquiryfromcashbookentriestosub-ledgersAutomaticproductionofcashforecaststatementsfromcommitment/accrualaccountingProjectanalysisandcontrollinkedtofinancesystemsAnalysisbymarketshare/productcostetcCashManagement-BestPracticeFeaturesEstablishandmaintaincashcontrolmechanismsPerformbankreconciliationsReportandmanagecashbalancesForecastcashrequirements5PwC175gCashManagement-CriticalSuccessFactorsTheseareasummaryofthekeybusinessrequirements,whichmustbemettoachieveCashmanagementobjectives.ElectronicInterfaceswithAccountsPayable,AccountsReceivable,PayrollandGeneralLedgerEstablishandmaintaingoodrelationswithbanksAgreeFinancetermsReconcilebankaccountsonaregularbasisEDIforthemajorityofpaymentsandreceiptsAutomatedbankreconciliationsystemsandprocessesCashmonitoringandforecastingtechniquesprovidefirstclassaccuracyIntegratedonlinesystemstoaudittrailcashtransactionsOperateminimumpettycashandforeigncurrencyfloatsSeparationofCashmanagementstaffdutiesfromotherfinanceoperations6PwC175gCashManagement-Measures/CostDriversMeasuresCostofCapitalNumberofbankaccountsNumberofbankingrelationshipsNumberofoutstandingreconcilingitems3monthsoldDifferenceofinterestrateofcashaccountsvs.MoneyMarketratespercurrencyPercentageofcashtransactionseffectedelectronicallyNumberofdaysinobtainingvalueforfundsFloatingdaysperbankCostofcashfunctionasapercentageoftotalfinancecostNumberofcashtransactionsperFTENumberofunreconciledcashtransactionsNumberofaccountsoutsidecashpooling7PwC175gCashManagement-Measures/CostDriversCostDriversElectronicpaymentandreceiptmechanismsNumberofbankinglocationsandbankaccountsNumberofinternationallocationsSysteminterfacesavailableforcashentriesTypesofpaymentsandcurrenciesusedNumberofpettycashsitesNumberoftransactionsperdayExtentofgovernmentregulation8PwC175gCashManagement-Level0ContextDiagramCashManagementBudgetingandcontrolCashofficeManagementteamAuditPurchasingAccountsreceivableAccountspayablePayrollBanksGeneralledgerFinancialinstitutionsTreasuryexpertisePettyCashProcessPaymentsSalesorderprocessingSalesordersCashrequirements9PwC175gCashManagement-Level1OverviewCustomeraccountsCashiersBankCM&BillingsystemRecordreceiptsDailybankingReceivecashchequesbankreceiptsReceiptinformationincludedincashbookandGLAPcontrolsAuthorisationPaymentTermsMatchingrulesAuthorisedinvoice/expense,DD/SO,Otherpayments,CashCashOffice(CO)APdepartment&systemBankFDPayrolldepartmentPe