通过知识竞争：人力资本架构（PPT 15页）

ScottA.SnellCornellUniversity393IvesHallIthaca,NY14853(607)[e-mail]edge:TheHumanCapitalArchitecture通过知识竞争：人力资本架构“Youcangetcapitalanderectbuildings,butittakespeopletobuildabusiness.”“你能得到资金和高楼大厦，但你需要员工才能完成交易”ThomasJ.Watson,IBMDidIBMforget?•$168billion(TobinsQ=2.1)•Hardware,software,andservices•Nobelprize-winningscientists•3,768patents(1993-1995)What’sHappeningToday?今天发生了什么？IndustryChanges工业变化•Globalization全球化•Informationtechnology信息技术•Knowledge-basedstrategies以知识为基础的战略•Corecompetencies核心能力•Innovation变革•Externalpartnerships外部合作伙伴Leadingto…导致NewBusinessEquation新的商业等式Needfor…需要……•Organizationalagility敏捷的组织•Speed速度•Innovation变革•Cost成本网络型组织对顾客诚实智力资本信息技术合作者与契约伙伴打破界限关注核心能力CoreCompetence…核心能力………isabundleofskillsandtechnologiesthatenablesacompanytoprovideaparticularbenefittocustomers.包括大量技能和技术，可以提供给消费者特殊的利益。HamelandPrahalad,1994SONY索尼Miniaturization微型设计Pocketability便携式FEDERALEXPRESS联邦快递Logistics后勤（协调能力）On-timedelivery准时送货HONDA本田Enginedesign/mfg.机械设计Reliableperformance值得信赖的产品MOTOROLA摩托罗拉公司Wirelesstechnology无线技术Untetheredcomm.无线沟通CoreBenefittoCompetenceCustomer核心能力给消费者的利益KnowledgeTechnologiesProcessesRelationshipsCRITERIA标准•valuable有价值的•unique唯一的•extendable可扩展性•learning学习BenefitsVALUE=---------CostsUNIQUE=(socialcomplexity+causalambiguity)CompetingThroughPeoplet人的竞争•Identify&developcoreskills确定和发展核心技能•Integratediverseactivities整合多样化的动机•Respondwithagility&speed敏捷、快速反应•Empoweraction授权•Innovate变革CoreCompetence…核心能力…isabundleofskillsandtechnologiesthatenablesacompanytoprovideaparticularbenefittocustomers.包括大量技能和技术，可以提供给消费者特殊的利益。--HamelandPrahalad价值＝收益/成本学习＝经验×挑战唯一＝社会的复杂性＋原因的模糊性KNOWLEDGE知识-customer客户-technology技术-operations执行-managing管理PROCESSES流程-customersegmentation客户服务部门-just-in-time(hrs)及时服务-masscustomization模块用户化-buildtoorder(AIM)以订单为核心-ROICmetrics计算基本回报率制度-experimentation试验TECHNOLOGY技术-Premierpages主页-softwareinstallation软件安装-TPMtriggers(parts,service)-customerpurchasingsystems客户购买系统RELATIONSHIPS关系-customerintimacy(Boeing)客户的熟悉程度-Platinumcouncils顶尖顾问-supplierpartnerships(Sony)供应商合作-employeeinvolvement雇员参与-thirdpartyservicemaintainers(TPMs)第三方提供维修服务-distributionagreements(UPS,Airbourne)分享协议Leadingto…•Value价值•Uniqueness唯一•Learning学习“Alow-valueproductcanbemadebyanyoneanywhere.Whenyouhaveknowledgenooneelsehasaccessto--that’sdynamite.Weguardourintellectualassetsevenmorecarefullythanourfinancialassets.”低价值的产品任何人、任何地方都可以做。当你拥有别人无法掌握的知识时——那才是优势。我们小心保护着我们的智力资本甚至超过了我们的金融资本--RoyVagelos,formerCEOMerck价值整合SouthwestAirlines西南航空TECHNOLOGY技术-Premierpages主页-softwareinstallation软件安装-TPMtriggers(parts,service)第三方提供维修服务-customerpurchasingsystems客户购买系统PROCESSES流程-customersegmentation客户服务部门-just-in-time(hrs)及时服务-masscustomization模块用户化-buildtoorder(AIM)以订单为核心-ROICmetrics计算基本回报率制度-experimentation试验KNOWLEDGE知识-customer客户-technology技术-operations执行-managing管理RELATIONSHIPS关系-customerintimacy(Boeing)客户的熟悉程度-Platinumcouncils顶尖顾问-supplierpartnerships(Sony)供应商合作-employeeinvolvement雇员参与-thirdpartyservicemaintainers(TPMs)第三方提供维修服务-distributionagreements(UPS,Airbourne)分享协议积极的额外服务KNOWLEDGE知识-microbiology微生物-biochemistry有机化学-imunodiagnostics免疫诊断(antibodies/conjugates)抗体/融合PROCESSES流程-R&D/Mfg.研发-bioconjugation生物聚和-antibodypurification抗体提纯-PCRamplification-DNAhybridizationDNA杂交-TQM全面质量管理-commercialization商品化TECHNOLOGY-immunoassays确定抗原-ELISA(serum/blood)免疫血清-rapiddiagnostics快速诊断-DNAbasedDNA基础RELATIONSHIPS关系-CRC-DT,CDC-U.S.Army美国军队-WorldHealthOrg国际健康组织.-universities大学-distributionnetwork分享网络-employee(science/mkt)雇员Leadingto…Anorganizationatthefrontierofitsintellectualfieldismorelikelytostayatthefrontier.Itcanattractandchallengemoreandbetterintellectthanitscompetitors.Bysolvingmoreadvancedproblems,ithasmorecapacitytosolveothers.Andsoon.”一个处于智力领域的前沿的组织一定处于行业的前沿。它能够比竞争对手吸引更多更好的人才且为其提供更多的机会。通过解决尖端问题它也能解决其他问题。---JBQuinnBIOTECHINC.•Value价值•Uniqueness唯一•Learning学习C2=快速学习Combinationofpeopleandsystemsleadsto...HumanCapitalSocialCapitalOrganizationalCapitalBioTech,Inc.:Intellectualcapital生物技术：智力资本PeopleSystemsKNOWLEDGE知识-microbiology-biochemistry-bioconjugation-imunodiagnosticsPROCESSES流程-R&D/Mfg.-bioconjugation-antibodypurification-PCRamplification-DNAhybridization-TQM-commercializationTECHNOLOGIES技术-immunoassays-ELISA(serum/blood)-rapiddiagnostics-DNAbaseddetectionRELATIONSHIPS关系-CRC-DT,CDC-U.S.Army-WorldHealthOrg.-universities-distributionnetwork-employee(science/mkt)C2=“RapidLearning”快速学习PEOPLESYSTEMSCoreCompetence核心能力人员系统人力资本社会资本组织资本人与系统的整合导致KnowledgeKnowledgeTechnologiesTechnologiesProcessesProcessesRelationshipsRelationshipsBenefitsVALUE=---------CostsUNIQUE=(socialcomplexity+causalambiguity)LEARNING=(experiencexchallenge)Howdoeshumancapitalcontributetothecorecompetence?人力资本对核心能力的贡献•Value有价值的•Unique唯一的Resourcesneedtobe:资源是BenefitsVALUE价值=---------CostsDrivesinnovation推动变革Respondstocustomerdemands反映消费者需求Providesexcellentcustomerservice提供出色的客户服务Achieveshighestquality达成最优质量Instrumentalinprocessimprovements有助于流程完善Developsnewbusinessopportunities发展新的商业机会Directlyaffectsefficiencyandproductivity直接影响效率和生产率Minimizescostsofprodu