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Grammar直接引语和间接引语DirectandIndirectSpeechGrammar:DirectandIndirectSpeech(1)1.转述他人的陈述→陈述句→SheaskedmewhatIwasdoing.Hesaid,“I’mgoingtoBeijing.”→HesaidthathewasgoingtoBeijing.Heasked,“Areyouateacher?”→Heaskedmeif/whetherIwasadoctor.Shesaid,“Whatareyoudoing?”2.转述他人的疑问→一般疑问句3.转述他人的问题→特殊疑问句直接引语变成间接引语，句子结构的变化•Hesaid,“IhavebeentotheGreatWall.”•HesaidtousthathehadbeentotheGreatWall.•Hesaid,“I'llgiveyouanexaminationnextMonday.”Hetoldus/saidthathewouldgiveusanexaminationthenextMonday.•陈述句•用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的said,也可用told来代替，注意，可以说saidthat,saidtosb.that,toldsb.that，不可直接说toldthat一般疑问句•Hesaid,“Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation?”•Heasked(me)whether/ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation.•Hesaid,“YouareinterestedinEnglish,aren'tyou?”•HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish.•间接引语用连词whether或if引导，原主句中谓语动词said要改为asked(me/him/us等)，语序是陈述句的语序特殊疑问句•Hesaidtome，“What'syourname?”•Heaskedmewhatmynamewas.•Heaskedus,“Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry?”•Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry.•原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主句的谓语动词用ask(sb.)来表达，语序改为陈述句语序5.注意地点的变化在直接引语变为间接引语时需要注意的变化1.注意时态的变化2.注意人称变化。3.注意指示代词的变化4.注意时间的变化6.注意个别趋向动词的变化直接引语间接引语指示代词时间状语地点状语方向性动词this,that,thesethosenow,then,todaythatdaythisweekthatweekyesterdaythedaybeforelastweektheweekbeforefourdaysagofourdaysbeforethedaybeforetwodaysbeforego,thenextdaynextmonththenextmonthheretherecome,bringtakeyesterdaythedaybeforeyesterdaytomorrowThegeographyteachertoldusthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.谓语动词时态变化(参见《双语报》B3),需要注意几点：1.直接引语表述的是客观真理，变为间接引语时，时态不变Thegeographyteachersaid,“Thesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.”Shesaysthatshe’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.2.如果直接引语所表述的内容在目前和说话时同样有效，变间接引语时，时态可不变Thechildrensaid,“Welovethisgame.”Theytoldusthattheylovethatgame.3.主句谓语动词的时态是现在时态，在引述时，时态不变。Shesays,“I’llneverforgetthedaysinthecountry.”1.当主句的谓语动词是将来时的时候2.当直接引语部分带有具体的过去时间状语时3.当直接引语中有以when,while引导的从句，表示过去的时间时4.当引语是谚语、格言时5.当直接引语中有情态动词should,would,could,hadbetter,wouldrather,might,must,oughtto,usedto,need时从句时态无须改变的还有以下情况:Exercises:1.Hesaid,“ImafraidIcan’tfinishthiswork.”2.Hesaid,“Ihaven’theardfromhimsinceMay.”3.Tomsaid“Iwillseeyounextweek.”Hesaidthathewasafraidhecouldn’tfinishthatwork.Hesaidthathehadn’theardfromhimsinceMay.Tomsaidthathewouldseemethenextweek.4.“Whywereyoulateagain?”Theteachersaidtome.5.“Idon’tlikeswimming,”saidSarah.6.HisfriendsaskedhimifhewouldgotoDalian.7.“HaveyoubeentoParis?”Myclassmateaskedme.TheteacheraskedmewhyIwaslateagain.Sarahsaidshedidn’tlikeswimming.Hisfriendsaskedhim,“WillyougotoDalian?”MyclassmateaskedmeifIhadbeentoParis.1.Readerscan________quitewellwithoutknowingtheexactmeaningofeachword.A.getoverB.getinC.getalongD.getthrough高考链接C解析：答案C。本题主要考查具体语境中get短语的用法。全句意为：尽管读者不知道每个单词的确切含义，但他们能够很好得读懂，即读书进展得顺利，故用getalong。2.It’shardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI______inlove,attheageofseven,withtheMelindaCoxLibraryinmyhometown.A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallenC.shouldfallD.weretofall高考链接B解析：答案B。本题考查了fallinlove在虚拟语气中的应用，从标志性时间状语attheageofseven看，宾语从句内容意指过去。在虚拟语气结构中，若指过去，从句中动词形式用过去完成时，主句中谓语动词形式用would/should/might/could/havedone。3.Fatherwenttohisdoctorfor_______abouthishearttrouble.A.anadviceB.adviceC.advicesD.theadvices高考链接B解析：答案B。Advice若作“忠告，劝告，建议”讲，无论什么情况下都不可数，故A、C、D各项均属错误。Advice前不能用不定冠词，但可被some，much，alotof/lotsof，apieceof，abitof，awordof等修饰。4.Iwonderhowhe____thattotheteacher.A.daretosayB.daresayingC.notdaresayD.daredsay高考链接D解析：答案D。本题主要考查了dare作为情态动词和实义动词的基本用法。作为实义动词，dare有人称、数和时态的变化，故daretosay与主语he相悖；daredoing结构本身错误；dare的否定形式应为darenotdo(情态动词)或don’t/doesn’t/didn’tdare(实义动词)todo。HomeworkReviewtheknowledgeofdirectspeechandindirectspeechandsummarizetherules.解题步骤:1.陈述句:“Idon’tlikecomputers,”Sarahsaidtoherfriends.SarahsaidtoherfriendsthatIdon’tlikecomputers.saiddidn’tsheSarahsaidtoherfriendsthatshedidn’tlikecomputers.Sarah2.一般疑问句:Isiteasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimifItiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.itiseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.askediswasTheyaskedhimifitwaseasytoimprovetheconditionofthesoil.3.特殊疑问句：Whendoyouharvestthewheat?(Theyaskedhim)TheyaskedhimWhenyouharvestthewheatyouharvestthewheat.heharvestedTheyaskedhimwhenheharvestedthewheat.选择疑问句•Heasked,“DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench?”•HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench.•Iasked,“Willyoutakeabusortakeatrain?”•Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakeabusortakeatrain.•用whether…or…表达，而不用if…or…，也不用either…or…直接引语中的助动词间接引语中的助动词shallshouldshouldShould（不变）willwouldwouldWould（不变）maymightmightMight（不变）cancouldcouldCould（不变）mustMust/hadtoWhenyouchangeasentencefromdirectspeechtoindirectspeech,yousometimesneedtochangetheverbtense.Youmayalsoneedtochangepronouns,timeinordertokeepthesamemeaning.•Directindirect•Presentpast•Pastpastandpastperfect•Presentperfectpastperfect•Pastperfectpastperfect北京私家侦探北京私家侦探别好于是赶快上前扶住咯水清：“仆役您还怀着小小格可是别能再那么哭咯吟雪姐姐您也赶快起来别让仆役弯着腰咯”吟雪壹听水清怀咯小小格壹下子忘记咯哭泣赶快站起身子壹边帮着月影挽扶水清壹边急急地问道：“仆役月影说の都是真の吗？您真の是怀咯爷の小小格？”水清被两各丫环壹番相劝也暂时止住咯哭泣壹边眼中噙着泪花壹边使劲儿地点点头：“嗯是の是の”“仆役啊！您可真是……真是太好咯！菩萨终于保祐您咯奴才真是替您高兴啊！奴才都别敢相信……”壹得到水清の肯定答复吟雪激动得语无论次起来她の仆役终于熬出头咯终于能入咯爷の眼咯那是好些辈子才能修来