英语句子结构分析

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-1-英语句子结构分析一、简单句句子成分01Thetrainhasarrived.Shedancesbeautifully.Kate’sunclelivesinavillage.主语谓语主谓状语主谓地点状语主语:动作的执行者,名词、代词、-ing形式、不定式todo等可以作主语。谓语:表示动作,由动词担任。英语句子不同时态、语态形式都在谓语部分体现。状语:修饰谓语,由副词或其它结构担任,表示时间、地点、程度、方式、原因、目的、条件等。02Hisparentsboughtapairofshoes.Tom’sfatherboughthimanewbikeyesterday.主谓宾语主谓间宾直宾时间状语宾语:动作的对象,名词、代词、-ing形式、不定式todo等可以作宾语。有的动词如bring、give、buy、offer等可以带两个宾语,一个指人(间接宾语),另个指物(直接宾语)。注意:只有及物动词(Vt.)才能直接带宾语,不及物动词(Vi.)后面不能直接跟宾语。03Thenine-year-oldboygaveTomandmeabeautifulbirthdaypresentlastSunday.定语主谓间宾定语直宾时间状语定语:放在(主语或宾语)名词前修饰名词,由形容词或其它结构担任。Pleasegivemethebookontheshelf.(祈使句,省略主语you)谓间宾直宾定语(后置)04LondonisthecapitalofEngland.主系动词表语(“系动词+表语”构成“系表结构”,作谓语)05Thefoodtastesgood.Theteacherlooksangry.Theboyfeltsad.主系动词表语主系表主系表表语:跟在系动词后面。常见系动词有be、look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(感觉,感到)、seem(似乎),表示变化的become、get、turn等注意:以上动词若表示其它含义,就不是系动词,而是行为动词,后面就不能带形容词作表语。注意下面两句中look的不同含义:Thelittleboylookedatthepaintingsveryhappily.Thelittleboylookedunhappy.定主谓宾状语(副词)定主系表(形容词)06ThemeetingonFridaywasputoffbecauseoftheheavyrain.主定语(后置)谓语(被动语态)原因状语07Theydideverythingtosavetheworker’slife.Hewasstrongenoughtoraisetheheavybox..主谓宾目的状语主系表结果状语08Theoldmantoldmetogotherebyunderground.主谓宾宾补方式状语宾补:宾语补足语,补充说明宾语。09Ittookthestudentsmorethanthreehourstodotheirhomeworkeveryday.主(形式)真正主语注意:当句子主语结构太长时,往往用it放在谓语前面充当形式主语,而真正主语放在句尾,以保持句子的平衡。10Therearetwoapplesonthetable.注意:Therebe句型的主语在be动词后面。主语11Howwonderfully∣hesings!Howbeautiful∣thevaseis!How+adv.∣主谓How+adj.∣主系12Whatanintelligentgirl∣sheis!Whatimportantadvice∣youhavegivenme!What+a/an+adj.+n.∣主系What+n∣主谓注意:感叹句的句子结构1)How感叹句:How+adv.(adj.)+主谓…!2)What感叹句:What+(a/an)+adj.+n.+主谓…!13IthardlysnowsinSouthChina,doesit?注意反义疑问句结构:陈述部分+反问?-2-英语句子结构分析二、复合句句子结构(主句、从句)14Theteachertoldchildrenthatthesunrisesintheeastandsetsinthewest.主谓间宾宾语从句(引导词that)15Sheaskedmewhether/ifMrsSmithwouldcome.宾语从句(引导词whether/if是否)16TonywonderedwhatFatherChristmashadputinhisstocking.宾语从句(引导词what什么)17Couldyoutellmewhosebicyclethisis?注意:该句中Could表示客气语气,不是过去时。宾语从句(引导词whose谁的)18Wesoonlearnedhowtheygreworganicvegetable.Idon’tknowwhatiswrongwithhissister.宾语从句(引导词how怎样)宾语从句(引导词what什么)19Let’sdecidewhenandwhereweshallmeet.→Let’sdecidewhenandwheretomeet.宾语从句(引导词whenandwhere)不定式短语作宾语注意:宾语从句在句中作宾语;引导词有that、whether/if(是否)、what、where、when、how等疑问词;1)宾语从句中用陈述语序(主语在前,谓语在后);2)如果主句是过去时,从句用相应的过去的时态(一般现在→一般过去,现在进行→过去进行,一般将来→过去将来,现在完成→过去完成,一般过去→过去完成);但是如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理,从句仍用一般现在时;3)疑问词引导的宾语从句常常可以转换成“疑问词+todo”结构。20IfIhavetimetomorrow,Iwillgoshoppingwithyou.(主将从现)条件状语从句,引导词if(如果)21Hewon’tpasstheexamunlessheworkshardeveryday.(主将从现)unless=ifnot条件状语从句,引导词unless(除非,如果不)注意:条件状语从句中不能用将来时,若要表示将来的动作,必须用一般现在时代替。22IwillcallyouassoonasIarriveinBeijing.时间状语从句,引导词assoonas(一……就)23Theboywantstobeascientistwhenhegrowsup.时间状语从句,引导词when(当……的时候)24Theworkersdidn’tleaveuntiltheyfinishedallthework.时间状语从句,引导词until(直到……)注意:时间状语从句中不能用将来时,若要表示将来的动作,必须用一般现在时代替。25TheforeignteacherhastaughtchildrenEnglishsinceshecametoShanghai.提醒:注意主句、从句时态搭配。时间状语从句,引导词since(直从……以来)26Ididn’tgotoseethefilmlastweekbecauseIhadseenit.原因状语从句,引导词because(因为)27Nowthatsmokingisharmfultoyourhealth,youshouldgiveitup.原因状语从句,引导词nowthat(既然)28Althoughtheyareold,theystillworkinthefieldseveryday.让步状语从句,引导词although(虽然,尽管)29Thedoctorstillwentonworkingthoughhefeltverytired.让步状语从句,引导词though(虽然,尽管)30Thesuitcaseissoheavythatwehavetofindatrolley.结果状语从句,引导词so…that(如此……以至于)31Speakloudersothatthewholeclasscanhearyou.目的状语从句,引导词sothat…(为了)32Mydietisashealthyasyours(is).比较状语从句,引导词as…as…(和…一样)33LiuXiangrunsfasterthananyotherboyinourschool.比较状语从句,引导词than(更)-3-英语句子结构分析三、并列句34Mr.WangteachesphysicsandMissLiteacheschemistry.并列句,连接词and,表示“和”and连接的两个并列句子,时态往往一致35HeusedtogofishingonSunday,butnowheoftenplaystennis.并列句,连接词but,表示“但是”36Thedoctorfeltverytired,buthestillwentonworking.该句可以换种方式表达Although37Hurryup,oryouwillbelateforschoolagain.并列句,连接词or,表示“否则”注意:该句可以换种方式表达If38Tonyhadaheadacheyesterday,soheaskedforleave.并列句,连接词so,表示“因此,所以”注意:该句可以换种方式表达Because四、反义疑问句39Theoldmancanhardlyreadorwrite.(改为反意疑问句)Theoldmancanhardlyreadorwrite,____________?40Thereisnoimportantinformationinthenewspaper.(改为反意疑问句)Thereisnoimportantinformationinthenewspaper,____________?41Hefailedtoswimacrosstheriverintenminutes.(改为反意疑问句)Hefailedtoswimacrosstheriverintenminutes,____________?42Mike’salreadygotmuchinformationaboutthesuspect.(改为反意疑问句)Mike’salreadygotmuchinformationaboutthesuspect,____________?注意:反义疑问句的反问部分由“助动词+人称代词主格”组成,若陈述部分是肯定句,反问部分就用否定,即:“肯定-否定式”;若陈述部分是否定,反问部分就用肯定,即“否定-肯定式”。但应注意除not、no表示否定外,还有never、hardly、rarely、seldom、few、little都表示否定。五、特殊疑问句(划线部分提问)43MyparentswillgotoAmericaintwodays.(划线部分提问)__________willyourparentsgotoAmerica?44Billy’suncleandauntusedtogotothecinemaonceamonth.(划线部分提问)_______________Billy’suncleandaunt___togotothecinema?45TheforeignteacherhastaughtchildrenEnglishsinceshecametoShanghai.(划线部分提问)__________________theforeignteacher______childrenEnglish?46Itisfivekilometersawayfromourschooltothepark.(划线部分提问)__________________itfromourschooltothepark?47Thecarsran80milesperhouronthehighway.(划线部分提问)__________________thecars______onthehighway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