1Unit6IlikemusicthatIcandanceto.1.定语从句:修饰某一个名词或者代词的从句叫定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词之后,其中被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词。(1)关系代词(that、who、whom、which、whose)引导的定语从句:that在从句中作主语或宾语;作主语时,不可省略,作宾语时可省略指人,相当于who、whomThemanthat/whoteacheschemistryinacollegeisaprofessor.(指人,作主语)指物,相当于whichTomatoisausefulvegetablethat/whichisgoodforhealth.(指物,在从句中作主语)who在从句中作主语或宾语(作宾语可省略)指人Thaman(who/whom/that)Italkedwithisourteacher.(作宾语,可省略)whom在从句中作宾语(作宾语时可省略,但介词提前则不能省略)指人ThamanwithwhomItalkedwithisourteacher.(作宾语,介词提前,不能省略)which在从句中作宾语或主语(作宾语时可省略,但介词提前则不能省略)指物Aplaneisamachinethat/whichcanfly.(在从句中作主语)Theroominwhich(where)Iliveinisbig.(在从句中作宾语,但介词提前,不可省略)Whose可指人的,也可指物的,相当于名词所有格。在定语从句中用在名词前Ivisitedascientistwhosenameisknownallovertheworld.(指人,用在名词name前)Mr.Greenlivesinahousewhoseroofisred.(指物,用在名词roof前)格林先生住在一座红屋顶的房子里。【注意】当介词置于关系词前时,先行词是人,只能用whom,不能用who;先行词是物只能用which,不能用that。(2)who、that在很多情况下可省略,但在以下情况只能用who,而不能用that:①.先行词是anyone、someone、those等表示人的不定代词。②.在therebe句型中,先行词指人。eg:Thereisamanwhowantstoseeyou.(3)which、that在很多情况下可省略,但在以下情况只能用that,而不能用which:①先行词为all、any、much、many、everything、anything、none、something等不定代词时。eg:Isthereanythingthatyouwanttobuyintheshop?②先行词被all、any、theonly、thesame、little、few、much等词修辞时。eg:ThisisthesamebikethatIlost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。③先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。eg:Thisisthefirstbookthathehasread.④先行词里同时含有人和物时,只能用that,而只能用that。eg:IcanrememberwellthepersonsandsomepicturesthatIsawintheroom.(4)关系副词(when,where、why),when作时间状语,where作地点状语,why作原因状语。关系副词when,where,why可以用适当的介词+which来替代。(when=in/on/at…+which,where=in/on/at…+which,why=for+which)eg:Thisistheroomwhere(inwhich)Ilived.=ThisistheroomIlivedin.2习题:()1.Isthatman_______helpedusalotaftertheearthquake?A.whichB.whoC.whom()2.Johnistheboy_______legswerebadlyhurtintheaccident.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which()3.Haveyoureadthebook_______isaboutthemoon?A.whatB.itC./D.which()4.Thebasketball_________Iboughtyesterdaycostme80yuan.A.thatB.whereC.whoD.when()5.Thestory_______Ireadthenewspaperwasaboutacommonproblem.A.whoseB.whoC.thatD.where()6.Ineverforgettheday______thegreatscientistcametoourschool.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.where()7.OneofthemostinterestingplacesinYangzhou_______areofenvisitedbyforeignersistheWestSlenderLake.A.whatB.whoC.thatD./()8.Thedictionary_______hepaid50yuanisveryuseful.A.whichB.forwhichC.onwhichD.aboutwhich2.Iprefermusicmusicthathasgreatlyrics.我更喜欢歌词优美的音乐。prefer动词,意为“更喜欢”,相当于“like…better”,其过去式和过去分词都是preferred。eg:与猫相比,我更喜欢狗。_________________________________________________________①prefersthtosth./preferdoingsthtodoingsth.与(做)某事相比,更喜欢(做)某事。eg:我喜欢不行更甚于骑自行车。_______________________________________________②prefertodosth.更喜欢做某事eg:我更喜欢在家里度过周末。_________________________________________________________________________③prefertodosthratherthandosth.=wouldratherdosththandosth=woulddosthratherthandosth.宁愿做某事而不愿做某事eg:我宁愿写而不愿读。_____________________________________________________3.ThemusicremindsmeofBraziliandancemusic.这些音乐让我想起了巴西舞曲。(1)remind意为“提醒;使记起”,remindsbofsth/sb.“使某人想起某事/某人.”eg:我一直保存着它,以此唤起我对你的记忆。________________________________________________________(2)remindsbtodosth.提醒某人做某事eg:请提醒我下车。___________________________________________________________(3)remindsb+that从句eg:我提醒她必须在天黑之前回家。________________________________________________(4)Brazilian形容词,意为“巴西的;巴西人的”,还可以用作名词,意为“巴西人”。4.IlistenedtoonecalledHeartString.我听了一首名叫《心弦》的CD.(1)one此处用作代词。代指上文提到过的CD。(2)calledHeartStrings是过去分词短语,它在句中作代词one的后置定语,相当于一个定语从句,即thatiscalledHeartStrings。过去分词短语常用作名词或代词的后置定语,相当于一个定语从句。called还相当于named/withthenameof.eg:你认识那个叫玛丽的女孩吗?_________________________________________________【后置定语】分为至少6种:现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式,介词短语,形容词及定语从句。过去分词做后置定语通常表被动(即先行词是动作的承受者),可以改写成定语从句,只需添加关系词+谓语动词。35.AmyKingisoneofthebest-knownChinesephotographersintheworldtoday,andsomeofhermostfamousphotosareondisplayintheexhibition.艾米·金是当今世界上最有名的摄影家之一,而且她最著名的而一些摄影作品会在这次展览中展出。(1)“oneofthe+形容词最高级+名词复数形式”意为“最……之一”.eg:上海是中国最大的城市之一。_________________________________(2)best-known是形容词最高级,意为“最有名的”,相当于mostfamous,其原级是well-known。(3)ondisplay意为“展览;展出”,相当于onshow.6.Iseethesamethingseverydayandtheydon’tinterestmeasmuch.我每天都看到这些相同的东西,它们并没有引起我太大的兴趣。(1)interest此处用作动词,意为“使感兴趣;引起兴趣”其主语多为物,可与beinterestedin互换。eg:你的故事引起了我的兴趣。_____________________________________________(2)interest还可用作名词,表示“兴趣;爱好”,takeaninterestin=beinterestedin“对……感兴趣”.7.Whateveryoudo,don’tmissthisexhibition.无论如何,都不要错过这个展览。whatever连词,意为“无论什么;不管什么”,相当于onmatterwhat.类似的词有whoever(无论谁),whenever(无论何时),wherever(无论何地),however(无论怎样)eg:无论你是谁,都不许走。______________________________________________________8.Asthenamesuggests,thebandhaslotsofenergy.顾名思义,这支乐队活力四射。suggest意为“暗示;表明;建议”,后接名词/代词/动词ing形式/that从句,不可接不定式。suggeststhtosb“向某人建议某事”。eg:我建议去游览长城。____________________9.AndIstayawayfromsugar,youdotoo,don’tyou?而且我不吃糖,你也是,不是吗?stayawayfrom意为“与……保持距离”,此处是“不吃(某类食品)”;stayawayfromsb/sth指“离开;不接近(某人/某物)。eg:叫他离我妹妹远一点。_______________________10.I’veheardeatingburntfoodlikethiscanincreasetheriskofcancer.我听说吃这样的烧烤食品会增加得癌症的危险性。(1)increase动词,意为“增加;增长”,后接名词或代词。(2)risk名词,意为“危险;风险”,theriskof…意为“……的风险”。练习题:一、选择题:()1.Motheroftentellsme_______I’lldointhefuture,trymybesttodoitwell.A.ho