Qin-Dynasty-秦朝历史-中英文版(全)

HeisQindynasty(221~207BC)ofthecreator,originalnameisZhaoZheng.Before221BC,ZhaoZhenginLisi'shelp,theeliminationofothercountries,toachievethemaximumofdominion.Hecallshimselftheemperor(thefirstsupremeemperor),andinitiatedreformsdesignedtocreateafullycentralizedadministration.hisrelianceonmagicianswasstronglycondemnedbyConfucianscholars,manyofwhomheexecuted.theirobstinacyledhimtoordertheburningofallthepracticalbooks.Hewasburiedinamassivetombwithanarmyofmorethan6,000terracottasoldiersandhorses.他是秦朝(221～207BC)的创建者，本名赵政。公元前221年之前，赵政在李斯的协助下，消灭了其它国家，取得最高的统治权。他自称为「始皇帝」(第一位至高无上的皇帝)，发动改革，计划创造出一个完全中央集权的行政体系。他对方士的信赖遭到儒家学者强烈谴责，其中许多儒生因此而被处决。由于他们毫不屈服，导致秦始皇下令焚烧所有非实用性的书籍。秦始皇被埋葬在一座巨大的陵墓中，其中附带一支超过6,000具赤陶兵马俑所组成的军队。咸阳秦221BC秦的最终版图闽中郡疆域范围黄河并阴山至辽东临洮、羌中南海、北向户海暨朝鲜新增四郡秦QinDynasty221BC-206BCQinshihuangendedthelongdividedsituation,andestablishedthefirstunitedmulti-ethnicfeudalcountryonChinesesoil.秦始皇完成了统一大业，结束了长期以来诸侯割据称雄的局面，建立中国历史上第一个统一的多民族的封建国家中国第一位皇帝–秦始皇TheFirstEmperorinChineseHistory--QingshihuangSetfixedstandardsforlength,volumeandweight.BurnthebooksandburytheConfucianscholarsIssuedauniformcurrencyBuilttheGreatWallbylinkingupalreadyexistingdefensivewalls秦始皇Qinshihuang秦权秦量度：长度单位1、焚书坑儒：焚书坑儒：，摧残了文化，钳制了思想2、建长城：伟大建筑暴政见证五年40多万民工辽东临洮全长一万多华里|[e-mail]|[phone]|LONGSTREET12345,CITY,COUNTRYTheGreatWallofChinaisaseriesoffortificationsmadeofstone,brick,tampedearth,wood,andothermaterials,generallybuiltalonganeast-to-westlineacrossthehistoricalnorthernbordersofChinainparttoprotecttheChineseEmpireoritsprototypicalstatesagainstintrusionsbyvariousnomadicgroupsormilitaryincursionsbyvariouswarlikepeoplesorforces.12TheGreatWall13TheGreatWall14TheGreatWallTheGreatWallintheQingDynastyin1907AtotallengthoftheGreatWallis21196.18km15TheGreatWallTheGreatWallnearNankowin1900AtotallengthoftheGreatWallis21196.18km16TheGreatWallEspeciallyfamousisthewallbuiltbetween220–206BCbythefirstEmperorofChina,QinShiHuang.17HerhowlingcausedthecollapseofapartoftheGreatWall.LadyMengJiangLadyMengJiang(Chinese:孟姜女;pinyin:MèngJiāngNǚ)isaChinesefolktaleabouttheGreatWallofChina.ThethemeofthestoryisabouttheseparationofalovingcoupleandtheirtragicendingasaresultofbuildingtheWall.18LadyMengJiangAccordingtolegendqinshihuang,Labourheavy,youngmenandwomenFanXiLiang,mengjiangnunewly-marriedthreedays,thegroomwasforcedtostartbuildingtheGreatWall,soonbecauseofcoldoverworkedanddied,andwasburiedinthelongbonesunderthewall.Mengjiangnuwithwinterclothing,experiencedthehardships,thehusbandcametofindtheGreatWalledge,isgiventhenewsofherhusband.Sheweptgates,threedaysandthreenightsnotonly,citytosplit,showFanXiLiangcorpses,mengjiangnuindespairseaanddied.20TheimageofMengrepresentsthekindnessofancientwomenandthetorturebroughtonthepeoplebywar.LadyMengJiang3、大兴土木：阿房宫、骊山陵140多万人/年······覆压三百余里，隔离天日。骊山北构而西折，直走咸阳。二川溶溶，流入宫墙。五步一楼，十步一阁；廊腰缦回，檐牙高啄；各抱地势，钩心斗角······——杜牧《阿房宫赋》秦始皇灭六国，完成中国的统一，建立起我国历史上第一个中央集权的封建专制大帝国。为了适应统一帝国的需要，秦王朝在政治经济和文化上，采取了一系列的改革措施，那些改革，对生产和文化的发展，提供了有利的条件。但同时它又焚书坑儒，推行极端严酷的思想统治。这对学术文化的发展极为不利。因此，短短十几年的秦代，几乎没有什么文学可言，更谈不上什么成就。TheTerracottaArmybackgroundTheTerracottaArmywasdiscoveredinthespringof1974totheeastofXi‘aninShanxiprovincebyagroupoffarmerswhentheywerediggingawaterwellaround1mile，eastoftheQinemperor’stombmoundatMountLi，aregionriddledwithundergroundspringsandwatercourses.1974的春天，在陕西省西安市的一个农民在他们挖水井周围1英里以东的秦始皇的墓丘骊山，地下布满地下泉水和水道。ThisdiscoverypromptedarchaeologiststogotoShanxiProvince,Accordingtothesurvey,ArmyisaformoffuneraryartburiedwiththeFirstEmperorofQin这一发现引起了考古学家到陕西省，据调查。兵马俑是一种形式的葬礼艺术品埋葬秦始皇。AccordingtohistorianSimaQian(145-90BC),constructionofthismausoleumbeganin246BCandinvolved700,000workers.QinShiHuangwas13whenconstructionbegan.Hespecificallystatedthatnotwosoldiersweretobemadealike.根据历史学家司马迁这个陵墓建筑开始于公元前246涉及700000个工人。秦始皇13岁时开始修建。他特别指出，每一个士兵要不一样。Ranksofterracottainfantrymen(步兵）.Thesestatuesweremadeinpieces（碎片）andthenassembled.Eachstatuewasconstructedtobeunique.青铜剑bronzeware