搜索
Attributiveclause一、定语从句的三个概念:1.定语从句：用来做定语的句子叫定语从句。2.关系词：引出定语从句的词叫关系词。3.先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。二、关系词在从句中的作用：1.引导定语从句；2.关系词本身没有词义，代替先行词的词义；3.必须充当定语从句中的一个成分.**根据在定语从句中所充当的成分将引导定语从句的关系词分为：关系代词和关系副词。三.关系词的用法：（一）引导定语从句的关系代词有:who,whom,whose,that,which,as。在定语从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语(whose)等成分。1．先行词是人时的情况：1)先行词是人,从句中缺少主语时,用who或that作从句的主语。e.g.Ihaveafriendwho/thatlikeslisteningtoclassicmusic.我有一个喜欢听古典音乐的朋友。注意定语从句的翻译！2）先行词是人，从句中缺动词宾语或介词宾语时，用whom,who或that。e.g.Sheisthegirlwhom/who/thatImetatthemeeting.她是那个我在会议上遇到的女孩。e.g.Hewantstoreturnthebooktothegirlwhom/who/thathecaresfor.他想把书还给那个他喜欢的女孩子。*I.当先行词是one,ones,anybody,anyone,all,none,those等,指人时一般用who，不用that。e.g.Thosewhowanttogotothecinemawillhavetowaitatthegateoftheschool.想去看电影的人必须在校门口等。II.在以疑问词who开头的句子中,或关系代词在从句中作表语时,用that,不用who。e.g.Whoisthemanthatisshoutingthere?正在那边叫喊的那个人是谁？e.g.Sheisnotthegirlthatsheusedtobe.她已经不是过去的她了。2.先行词是物时的情况：1）先行词是物,从句中缺少主语时,用that,which。e.g.You’dbetternotdrinkwaterwhich/thathasnotbeenboiled.你最好不要喝没开的水。2）先行词是物,从句中缺少动词宾语或介词宾语时,用which或that。e.g.Finallythethiefhandedthemoneywhich/thathestoletothepolice.最后小偷把他偷的钱交给了警察。e.g.Thisisthehousewhich/thatonceLuXunlivedin.这是鲁迅曾经居住过的房子。3.下列情况下,最好用that引导定语从句:1）先行词是不定代词,如all,little,few,much,anything,everything,nothing,none,some等。e.g.Isthereanythingthatyouwant?2）先行词被all,every,no,some,little,few,much,oneof,theonly,thevery,theright等所修饰时。e.g.Theonlythingthatherememberedwashername.他唯一记得的东西是她的名字。3）先行词前有序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。e.g.ThisisthefirstfilmthatI’veseensinceIcamehere.这是我来到这里以来看的第一部电影。4）先行词中既有人又有物时。e.g.Theytalkedabouttheteachersandthethingsthattheyrememberedintheschool.他们谈论了他们所记得的学校里的老师和一些事情。4．关系代词作宾语时的特别情况：关系代词作宾语时通常可省略。但是当作介词的宾语且介词提前到定语从句句首时，不能省略，要根据先行词的内容选择whom和which，即构成介词+whom/which的结构。*介词后面不可用that!**介词可提前的情况:固定搭配和非固定搭配1.Theartist___thejudgegaveaprizeistheteacher___Ihavebeentaughtpaintingfortwoyears.A.fromwhom;bywhomB.towhom;whoC.from;whoD.towhom;bywhomD2.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,___thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhichB3.-Whydoesshealwaysaskyouforhelp?-Therisnooneelse___,isthere?A.whototurntoB.shecanturntoC.forwhomtoturnD.forshetoturnB5.whose的用法：1)先行词是人，从句中缺少定语时，用whose。e.g.Doyouknowtheboywhoseparentsareonholiday?2）先行词是物，且从句中缺少定语时，也可用whose或the+名词+ofwhich的结构。e.g.Westudyintheclassroomwhosedoor/thedoorofwhichfacessouth.我们在那个门朝南开的教室里学习。6.关系代词as的用法：引导的限制性定语从句,as用作关系代词,既可指人,也可指物。在定语从句中可做主语,宾语和表语。它常用在thesame…as,such…as,as…as,so…as句型中，as不可省略。e.g.Suchgirlsasheknewwereteachers.他认识的女孩都是老师。e.g.Iwillbuythesamebikeasyouride.我要买和你骑的一样的自行车。**若与thesame连用指同一物时,关系代词只能用that。e.g.Thisisthesamemuseumthatyouoncevisited.这就是你曾经参观过的那个博物馆。1.----Whatabeautifulplace!----Thisisthepark____thebest.A.whereIlikeB.thatIlikeC.whatIlikeD.IlikeitBExercises2.____holdthespecialcardwillbefreeofchargeforthisbook.A.PeopleB.ThosepeopleC.ThoseonesD.ThosewhoD3.Thedays____Ispentinthecountrysideinmychildhoodwerethehappiesttime____Ihadeverhadinmylife.A.when;whenB.where;thatC.that;whichD.that;thatD4.Heisthesameteacher____spokeatthemeetingontheopeningceremony.A.asB.whomC.thatD.whoC5.Thesecondbook____IwanttoreadisTravelsinChinabyRewiAlley.A.whichB.whatC.thatD.asC6.Thisisall____Iknowaboutthematter.A.thatB.whatC.whoD.whether7.Thelastplace_____wevisitedwastheGreatWall.A.whichB.thatC.whereD.it8.Hetalkedhappilyaboutthemenandbooks_____interestedhimgreatlyintheschool.A.whichB.thatC.itD.whomABB9.Thisisoneofthebestbooks_____byHaiYan.A.thathaveeverbeenwrittenC.thathaswrittenB.thathaseverbeenwrittenD.thathavewritten10.Whichofthebooks______wereborrowedfromhimisthebest?A.whichB.whatC.thatD.whoseAC11.TheEnglishplay___mystudentsactedattheNewYear’spartywasagreatsuccess.A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich12.IboughtanancientChinesevase___wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofitCB13.Hebuiltatelescope____hecouldstudytheskies.A.inwhichB.withthatC.throughwhichD.byit14.Thisistheveryknife_____Iusedtocutapplesyesterday.A.thatB.bywhichC.whichD.withwhichCA15.A.MrSmithisoneofthoseforeignerswho____workinginChina.B.Mr.Smithistheonlyoneofthoseforeignerswho____workinginChina.A.isB.hasC.haveD.areDA（三）引导定语从句的关系副词有：where,when,why等。关系副词在定语从句中也有三个作用：1.引导一个定语从句；2.在从句中部分代替先行词；3.在从句中充当地点,时间或是原因状语.1.关系副词where引导的定语从句1)当先行词是表示地点的名词，如place，room，mountain，airport等，同时又在从句中作状语时，定语从句需要用关系副词where引导。e.g.Thetwolostboyshappenedtocomeintoacavewheretheydiscoveredsomeveryvaluablepre-historicalrockpaintingsbychance．那两个迷路的男孩碰巧进入了一个山洞，在那里他们意外地发现了一些非常有价值的史前岩画。在上述例句中，where代表inthecave，作地点状语。2)通常，引导定语从句的where大都可以转换成“介词＋which”的形式。e.g.TheAmericansoldiersrushedintothePresidentMansionwhere／inwhichtheyfoundthosegoldbars．美国士兵冲进总统官邸，在那里他们发现了那些金条。3)当表示地点的先行词在从句中不是作状语，而是作主语、宾语或表语时，必须用关系代词that或which引导定语从句，而不是用where。e.g.TheYangtzeGorgesisabeautifulplace___________peopleallovertheworldlookforwardtovisiting．e.g.TheYangtzeRiverisourmotherriver______theChinesepeoplehavecreatedthebrilliantChinesecivilization．(that／which）where在第一句的定语从句中，visiting是一个及物动词，必须带宾语，而关系副词where不能作宾语，所以只能用which或that引导，而且二者可以省略；在第二句的定语从句中，不缺主语、宾语、表语，所以用where作状语2.关系副词when引导的定语从句:1)当先行词是表示时间的名词，如time，da