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吉林化工学院毕业设计说明书混凝土自动加料机控制系统设计TheControlSystemDesignedfortheConcreteAutomaticFeedingMachineBasedonMCU学生学号：学生姓名：专业班级：自动0903指导教师：职称：助教起止日期：2013.3.04～2013.6.23吉林化工学院JilinInstituteofChemicalTechnology吉林化工学院毕业设计说明书-I-摘要传统的混凝土加料机需要人工称量，根据工作经验上料到搅拌机。一旦生产中出现人为操作误差，很容易使混凝土报废，浪费资源。随着近年来自动控制技术地快速发展，采用硬件和软件相结合的控制系统不仅可以节约人力成本，而且使智能化操作成为可能。自动控制系统提高了加料机的精准性，而且避免了传统人工操作所产生的不必要误差。本文中所设计的混凝土自动加料机采用以单片机为核心的自动控制系统，具备满料检查功能，并能够通过LED显示器显示出输送、排料、满料时间。根据所加物料的不同，本文所设计的自动加料控制系统应用广泛，既可以运用到建筑工程中混凝土的配置搅拌，也可以运用到现代医药生产中涉及的真空药物粉末粒子的加料混合。单片机加料控制系统采用自动控制技术大大提高了工作的效率，不仅满足了自动控制各种动作状态要求，也满足了用户对不同使用环境的需要，在当下具有广阔的发展前景。关键词：自动控制；单片机；加料机毕业设计-II-AbstractThetraditionalconcretefeedingmachinehastoaddthemixturebypeople’sworkingexperiences.Butitisveryeasytomaketheconcretewasted,oncetherehasamistakewiththeworker’swrongoperations.Withtherapiddevelopmentinrecentyears,usingacombinationofhardwareandsoftwarecontrolsystemcannotonlysavelaborcosts,butalsomaketheintelligentoperationpossible.Theautomaticcontrolsystemsimprovetheaccuracyofthefeedingmachines,andalsoavoidtheunnecessaryerrorsgeneratedbythetraditionalmanualoperations.Microcontrolleristhecoreoftheautomaticcontrolsystemfortheconcretefeedingmachineintheessay.Andthetransportation,nestingandfullfeedingtimecanbedisplayedbytheLED.Dependingonthematerials,thedesignofautomaticfeedingcontrolsystemsarewidelyused,bothcanbeappliedtotheconfigurationoftheconcreteconstructionprojectsstirring,alsocanbeappliedtothevacuumdrugsinvolvedinthefeedingofthepowderparticlesmixedinthemodernpharmaceuticalproduction.Microcontrollerfeedingcontrolsystemwithautomaticcontroltechnologycangreatlyimprovetheefficiencyofthework,notonlytomeettheautomaticcontrolofavarietyofactionsstaterequirements,butalsotomeettheneedsofusersofdifferentuseoftheenvironment.Andithasbroadprospectsfordevelopmentinourtoday’slife.KeyWords：MCU；FeedingMachine；AutomaticControl吉林化工学院毕业设计说明书-III-目录摘要········································································································IAbstract········································································································II第1章绪论···································································································11.1课题背景及研究的目的与意义································································11.2混凝土加料机的发展状况······································································11.3本文需要研究的问题·············································································2第2章自动加料机系统设计思路·······································································42.1自动加料机设计图················································································42.2控制系统硬件的组成·············································································52.2.1单片机·······················································································52.2.2传感器·······················································································62.2.3存储器扩展电路··········································································72.2.4LED显示电路·············································································82.2.5键盘输入电路·············································································82.2.6继电器电路················································································92.2.7看门狗电路··············································································102.3控制系统总方框图··············································································11第3章系统硬件介绍·····················································································123.1AT89C51···························································································123.1.1AT89C51的芯片········································································123.1.2AT89C51的引脚········································································133.1.3AT89C51的CPU·······································································143.1.4AT89C51的存储器和并行I/O端口················································143.1.5AT89C51振荡器特性和芯片擦除特性············································143.1.6AT89C51与AT89S51的区别及优点··············································153.2外扩电路··························································································163.2.12864A芯片···············································································163.2.274LS373芯片············································································183.3LED电路··························································································203.3.174LS377···················································································203.3.2MC14511B译码器······································································22毕业设计-IV-3.4键盘接入芯片8255A···········································································243.4.18255A引脚···············································································243.4.28255A引脚功能·········································································253.5继电器电路·················