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40•StataStataStataStatagraph(histogram)(bar),(oneway)(pie)(twoway)(matrix)(star)Stata•4142•StataStata•43(histogram)(bar)(pie)(twoway)(box)helpgraphgraph[][,]bin(#)/*#5freq/*normal[(#,#)]/*N(#,#)#density(#)/*normal100shading(s)/*143axis/noaxis/*/border/noborder/*/xlable/ylable/tlable/rlable[(#,…,#)]/*lablexlable,ylable,tlable,rlablexyxyxtick/ytick/ttick/rtick[(#,…,#)]/*tickxline/yline/tline/rline[(#,…,#)]/*linexscale/yscale[(#,,#)]/*xytitle([“][][“])/*Statab1/l1/t1/rl([“][][“])/*b(x),l(y)trb2/l2/t2/r2([“][][“])/*gap(#)/*188saving([,replace])]/*replace44•StataStata9(bin(9))(freq)(norm)x119.727322.4802(xlab,ylab)(gap)height(CM)Stata()t1t2b1b2l1l2r1r2Stata•45graph1[2[...]],bar[]means/*stack/*accumulate/*totle/*shading(s)/*143axis/noaxis/*/[no]alt/*border/noborder/*xlable/ylable/tlable/rlable[(#,...,#)],ytick[(#,...,#)],yline[(#,...,#)],yscale[(#,,#)],title([][][]),b1/l1/t1/rl([][][]),b2/l2/t2/r2([][][]),gap(#),saving([,replace])]ticklinescaley5.246•Statash(31)shading(31)3119521972,31grash[:5.11WORD]Stata•47graph12[...],pie[]48•Statashading(#,...#)by()accumulatetotletitle([][][]])t|l|b|r1|2title([][][])saving([,replace])5.3graphy[y2[...]]x,[]/*cconnect(c...c)c(c...c).lLmsJ||II()x||,/*sSymbol(s...s)s(s...s)OSTodStata•49p.i[varname][_n]axis/noaxisborder/nobordertwowayboxsortxlable/ylable/tlable/rlable[(#,...,#)]xtick/ytick/ttick/rtick[(#,...,#)]xline/yline/tline/rline[(#,...,#)]xscale/yscale[(#,,#)]title([][][])b1/l1/t1/rl([][][])b2/l2/t2/r2([][][])gap(#)saving([,replace])]s(o)gragraph450•Statasymbol(s)(a)(b)(c)(d)4s(d)s(p)s(.)s(T)connect(c)(a)(b)(c)(d)4c(l)c(J)c(L)sort(a)(b)sortsortsorts()c()sortgraphc(c…c)s(s…s)5.5(±)(h)02468101211.8±1.418.5±2.325±3.427.3±2.930.4±3.231.7±3.432.5±3.510.6±1.516.3±218.9±2.122.6±1.922.8±1.822.6±2.322.9±2.2Stata•5152•StataStata•53gra,onewaygra,onewayboxgrayx,twowaybox5.654•StataStataWINDOWSWORDStataStata100150200OK4.0Stata5.0StatasettextStata100150Stata•55settext150graphDOSStatagphdotWINDOWSStataPrintGraph,DOSgphdotgphdot[/r#][/rx#][/ry#][/n]WORD