Well何謂6-Sigma?•1979年,當時Motorola一位資深業務主管ArthurSundry在高階主管會議上說:Ourqualitylevelsreallystink!•SixSigmaQualityProgram此名稱乃為Motorola工程師BillSmith所建議,為RobertGalvin所採納。•1987年,Motorola提出企業品質目標:1989之前改善10倍1991之前改善100倍1992之前達成6-Sigma水準Well•1988年Motorola榮獲第一屆美國國家品質獎MBNQA,USAToday以TopQualityisBehindComeback為標題報導。•1992提出SixSigmaandBeyond:所做的每一件事不但要達到SixSigma,並且超越它。尺標從ppm(partspermillion)到ppb(partsperbillion)往後每兩年再降低瑕疵率10倍。Well大需求:1.市場佔有率/成長2.全球市場擴張3.供應鏈管理4.設施合理化與效率化運用5.降低製造成本6.資產管理7.通路領導性8.股東價值9.產品線合理性10.RawmaterialvolatilityWell且成長中US$百萬050010001500200025003000199619982000(E)成本獲利改善服務水準加速回應速度在GE顧客端之專案:-增進業務營收-生產邊際效應增加奇異公司推行6-Sigma之成本與效益Well’sthemeaningofSigmaHowtomeasurethedata?Whichoneisbetter?100,90,110,120,80,Mean=100100,110,110,90,90,Mean=100WellxNxNxNiiNiiNiiN122121()()平均值變異數標準差從群體N中取樣nxxnSxxnSxxniiniiniin12212111()()樣本平均值樣本變異數樣本標準差Well:007:157:307:458:008:158:308:459:009:15Well=AUnitofMeasureEquivalenttotheNumberofStandardDeviationsthataValueisAwayfromtheTargetValue-3.0-0.53.0Z-ValuesUSLLSL2.50.53.0=ProcessMeanµZTTarget0A3ProcessWell區間區間內所佔百分比±1±2±3±4±5±6依據ztable,常態分配區間內所佔百分比的數字:68.27%99.73%(27000ppm)99.9999998%(2ppm)99.9937%(6300ppm)99.999943%(57ppm)95.45%WellHelpsusIdentifyandReduceVARIATIONdueto:-InsufficientProcessCapability-UnstableParts&Materials-InadequateDesignMarginWell“LowerSpecificationLimit”“UpperSpecificationLimit”LessVariationMeansFewerDefects&HigherProcessYieldsWell有多小?SigmaPPM0.0020.574263.372,70045,500317,310面積一般教室2倍約6甲地約30個中正紀念堂略大於台北市台北縣的兩倍半台灣省的面積時間1秒鐘4.8分鐘9小時半個月約9個月5年Well的四個假設常態分配±1.5偏移和已知缺點乃隨意分佈,且不同零件及製程相互獨立Well偏移±1.5在動態的真實世界中,每一件事都在不停的變化著溫度溼度工具的磨耗原料的差異......1.5乃由機率、估計、經驗而來參考資料:Evans,D.H.(1975):StatisticalTolerancing:TheStateoftheArt,PartIII.ShiftsandDrifts.Well3.4ppm~0ppm+1.5shift0processcapability4.5Well的品質水準0.002ppm,Cp=2中心值±1.5的偏移3.4ppm,Cpk=1.5或用npmo(nonconformitiespermillionopportunities)表示Well(∮sigma)0.0010.010.1110100100010000100000234567∮1.5SigmaShiftedCenteredrelativenumberofdefects(ppm)Well://衡量指標標竿研究願景Philosophy方法工具符號目標價值23456308,53766,8076,2102333.4.DPMO可用以計算與衡量任何流程Sigma之另一稱呼為標準差2000年達成6-Sigma水準4,1996---JackWelch變成我們文化的一部份--成為我們生活的一部份.Well(Open)GrowthMBBDavidChanGEPGCMBBJinBongChoiGEPKMBBNNLowGEPSMBBMilindAwalgaonkarGEPAMBBKiyoshiMoriokaGEPJMBBGEPPProcessMBB’sRegionalMBB’sWell(MBB)ForniaFungSixSigmaAdministratorAlanLeung(Sales)EddyWu(Marketing)FL’sGB’sProcessBB’sGeorgeHuang(HK/Taiwan)AdamShen(NorthPRC)1/2AdamJin(SouthPRC)GrowthMimiYing(HK)Open(Nansha)Open(Shanghai)GaryWongPeterChanSupplyChainPolymerlandKevinLiuMichaelYang(TCO)NanshaTCOStoneShiDundyChenMichaelYang(StableOp/Service)NanshaStableOp/ServiceGeorgeShi(ShanghaiProject)ShanghaiProjectDavidChanAdamShen1/2E-CommJasonCheungNormanYau(E-Com)EHS1Finance13HR4IMO4GB’s22G.C-OrganizationChartWell•Members:Labs&Functions•“Pipeline”&BBProjectPriorities•Training&Certification•Measurements&Rewards•CommunicationsChampions•Leadership:OverallInitiative•ProjectFunding•HR:Training&RewardsBlackBelts•Lead6ProjectTeams•“Measure/Analyze”•“Improve/Control”•OutwithBusinesses•HereatCRDMasterBlackBelts•Teach6•MentorBlackBelts•MonitorBBProjects•Work“Pipeline”Projects•AR