1初一补习资料(二)一.“therebe”句型Therebe句型主要用以表达“某处(某时)有某人(某物)。”其基本结构为“Therebe+某物(某人)+某地(某时)”其中there是引导词,没有词义;主语是be后面的名词,be是谓语动词,在一般现在时中be只用is和are两种形式。Therebe句型中的be动词如何确定呢?请先看看下面这首歌诀:Be动词,有三个,am,is还有are。“Therebe”真特别,不留am只留俩,那就是is还有are。要用is还是are,须看其后的名词是单数还是复数。若是单数或不可数名词用is,否则就用are。如:①Thereisatreebehindthehouse.②Thereissomewater(水)inthebottle(瓶子).③Therearesomepearsinthebox.(3)注意:如果“be”后的主语是由and连接的两个或两个以上的名词,那么be的形式要遵循“远亲不如近邻”的原则。也就是说,“be”的形式是由与它最近的那个名词来确定的。若那个名词是单数或不可数名词要用is,是复数就用are。如:①Thereisabookandsomepensonthefloor.②Therearesomepensandabookonthefloor.肯定句:thereisanappleonthetable否定句:thereisn'tanappleonthetable.一般疑问句:Isthereanappleonthetable?回答:yes,thereis./No,thereisn't特殊疑问句:whatisthereonthetable.1.定义:Therebe句型表示某处存在某物或某人。2.结构:(1)Thereis+单数可数名词/不可数名词+地点状语.(2)Thereare+复数名词+地点状语.there是引导词,在句中不充当任何成分,翻译时也不必译出。句子的主语是某人或某物,谓语动词be要与主语(某人或某物)的数保持一致。当主语是两个或两个以上的名词时,谓语动词要与跟它最近的那个名词一致。①Thereisabirdinthetree.树上有一只鸟。②Thereisateacherandmanystudentsinourclassroom.我们教室里有一位老师和许多学生。③Therearetwoboysandagirlunderthetree.树下有两个男孩,一个女孩。23.Therebe句型与have的区别:(1)Therebe句型和have都表示“有”的含义。区别如下:Therebe表示“某处存在某物或某人”;have表示“某人拥有某物/某人”,它表示所有、拥有关系。eg.①Hehastwosons.他有两个儿子。②Therearetwomenintheoffice.办公室里有两个男人。(2)当have表示“包括”、“存在”的含义时,Therebe句型与其可互换。①Aweekhassevendays.=Therearesevendaysinaweek.一个星期有七天。4变脸一:否定句Therebe句型的否定式的构成和含有be动词的其它句型一样,在be后加上not或no即可。注意not和no的不同:not是副词,no为形容词,nota/an/any+n.相当于no+n.。例如:Therearesomepicturesonthewall.→Therearen'tanypicturesonthewall.=Therearenopicturesonthewall.Thereisabikebehindthetree.→Thereisn'tabikebehindthetree.=Thereisnobikebehindthetree.5变脸二:一般疑问句Therebe句型的一般疑问句变化是把be动词调整到句首,再在句尾加上问号即可,此为\调整法\。但同时要注意:当肯定句中有some时,要将其改为any(否定变化也一样)。看看下面两句是如何\改头换面\的吧:ThereissomewateronMars.→IsthereanywateronMars?Therearesomefishinthewater.→Arethereanyfishinthewater?6变脸三:特殊疑问句Therebe句型的特殊疑问句形式有以下三种变化:①对主语提问:当主语是人时,用\Who\'s+介词短语?\;当主语是物时,用\What\'s+介词短语?\。注意:无论原句的主语是单数还是复数,对之提问时一般都用be的单数形式(回答时却要根据实际情况来决定)。如:Therearemanythingsoverthere.→What'soverthere?Thereisalittlegirlintheroom.→Whoisintheroom?3②对地点状语提问:提问地点当然用Whereis/are+主语?\啦!例如:Thereisacomputeronthedesk.→Whereisthecomputer?Therearefourchildrenontheplayground.→Wherearethefourchildren?③对数量提问:一般有两种句型结构:Howmany+复数名词+arethere+介词短语?Howmuch+不可数名词+isthere+介词短语?二.名词复数:在英语里面,名词分可数名词(countablenoun)和不可数名词(uncountablenoun)不可数名词没有单复数之分,用时只当单数词用;可数名词有单复数之分,一个的前面要用a或an,eg:apencil,abasketball,adictionary,anegg,anIDcard,而复数即两个或两个以上的要作相应的变化,情况如下:(1)特殊词,特殊变化,需单独记:child→children,man→men,foot→feet,woman→womentooth→teeth,sheep→sheep,deer→deer(2)一般的词在单数词后直接+“s”:book→books,pen→pens,car→cars,map→maps,cartoon→cartoons(3)以s,x,sh,ch结尾的词+“es”box→boxes,watch→watches(4)以辅音字母+y结尾的名词去掉“y”,改成“i”,再加“es”family→families,comedy→comedies(5)以f或fe结尾的词,先去掉f或fe,改成“v”再加esknife→knives,wife→wives,handkerchief→handkerchieves(6)不可数名词(单复数形式不变)bread,rice,water,juiceetc.4三.名词+’s所有格名词+’s所有格单数名词后直接加“’s”Jim’scoat吉姆的外套Jeff’smother杰夫的妈妈以s结尾的复数名词,只加“’”Teachers’Day教师节thetwins’books双胞胎的书不以s结尾的不规则的名词复数,加“’s”Children’sDay儿童节men’sshoes男式鞋表示两者共同拥有时,只在最后一个名词后加’s表示两者各自拥有时,要在每个名词后加’sLucyandLily’smother露茜和莉莉的妈妈(共同的妈妈,一个妈妈)Lucy’sandKate’srooms露茜和凯特的房间(各自的房间,两间房子)5i.名词所有格练习.1.__________________________(李明的父母)workinabighospital.2.Thisis__________________________________(我妹妹的语文书)3.__________________________________(双胞胎的卧室)areverynice.4.______________________________(王平和王明的父亲)isahotelmanager.5.Isthis___________________________________(你的好朋友的钢笔)?6.Theyare___________________________________(peter和sam的老师).7.___________________________(教师节)isonseptember10th.8.___________________________________(学生们的桌椅)areverynew.9.Weareveryhappyon____________________________________(儿童节).10.Heisin_________________________________(老师的办公室)now.11.____________________________(赵敏的鞋)arewhite.12._________________________________(林红和张蔚的学校)isbigandnew.13.It’s_____________________________(妇女节)onmarch8th.14.______________________________________(我父亲的和她父亲的朋友)arefrombeijing.一将下列的名词变成复数形式。1.book___________________2.duck___________________3.house___________________4.orange___________________5.class___________________6.box___________________7.watch___________________8.bus___________________9.city___________________10.factory___________________11.country___________________612.family___________________13.hero___________________14.potato___________________15.tomato___________________16.photo___________________17.piano___________________18.knife___________________19.leaf___________________20.life___________________21.fish___________________22.sheep___________________23.foot___________________24.tooth___________________25.man___________________26.woman___________________27.fireman___________________28.policeman___________________29.postman___________________30.child___________________二.请归类可数名词和不可数名词,把该单词的编号写在相应的位置上。A.bookB.milkC.riceD.bunE.soupF.waterG.teaH.hamburgerI.breadJ.moneyK.paperL.deskM.toyN.babyO.seasonP.eggQ.coffeeR.computerS.treeT.meatU.porkV.toothW.roomX.penY.beefZ.chair1.可数名词:_______________________________________________________________________________________________________