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春天还会远吗?willitstillbefarinspring?冬天已经来了,Winterhasalreadycome,现在完成时态Winterhasalreadycome.nowpastfuture一般过去时现在完成时一般过去时表示的是纯粹在过去发生的事情现在完成时用法1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。e.g.–Haveyouhadyourlunchyet?–Yes,Ihave.I’vejusthadit.(现在我不饿了。)2.表示动作或状态从过去某一时刻开始，一直延续到现在，而且可能还要继续下去。Eg.ShehaslearningEnglishforthreeyears.4(2)现在完成时的句型构成：①肯定结构：主语+________+______________+其他.主语是第三人称单数时助动词用____,主语是其他人称时助动词用_____。have/has动词的过去分词hashave45②否定结构：主语+have/has+___+动词的过去分词+其他注意：havenot=haven’t；hasnot=hasn’tnot56③一般疑问句结构：_________+主语+动词的过去分词+其他肯定回答：Yes，主语+have/has.否定回答：No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t.Have/Has6•1.Ihavevisitedthenaturemuseum.（变一般疑问句并作否定回答）_______you________thenaturemuseum?No,______________.2.TinahasalreadyreadTreasureIsland.（变否定句）Tina_______________TreasureIsland______.3.MaryhasgonetoBeijing.（对划线部分提问）________________Mary_______?HavevisitedIhaven’thasn’treadyetWherehasgone一、过去式和过去分词的变化相同规则变化：1.一般在动词词尾直接加ed。如：pick→picked→picked;wish→wished→wished;stay→stayed→stayed2.以不发音的e结尾的动词后面加d。如：like→liked→liked;hope→hoped→hoped;phone→phoned→phoned3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed。如：study→studied→studied;hurry→hurried→hurried;reply→replied→replied4.词尾只有一个辅音字母的重读闭音节动词，要双写辅音字母，再加-ed。如：stop→stopped→stopped;plan→planned→planned不规则变化：5.以不变应万变。如：let→let→let;put→put→put;read→read→read6.若中间有双写e，则去掉一个e，单词末尾再加t。如：feel→felt→felt;keep→kept→kept;sleep→slept→slept7.结尾的字母d变t。如：lend→lent→lent;build→built→built;send→sent→sent8.变为以-ought或-aught结尾。如：buy→bought→bought;bring→brought→brought;catch→caught→caught;teach→taught→taught1.Writetheformsofthepasttenseandpastparticiple:drink____________see____________find____________leave____________tell____________drankdrunksawseenfoundfoundleftlefttoldtold13(3)现在完成时的标志词：①常与already(已经),yet(仍),never(从不),ever(曾经),just(刚刚),before(以前),sofar(到目前为止)twice(两次)recently(最近)等连用,强调动作的完成,不强调动作的持续。Eg.Ihaveneverarguedwithmyparents.IhavereadOliverTwisttwice.1314②常与“for+时间段,since+过去的时间点;since+时间段+ago;since+一般过去时态的句子;inthepast/lasttenyears(在过去十年)”等连用,强调动作的持续。Eg.Ihavelivedherefor30years.=Ihavelivedheresince30yearsago.=Ihavelivedheresince1986.IhavelivedheresinceIwasonlytwo.14—WhyisMr.Yangstillintheteachers’office?—Maybehe________hisworkyet.A.doesn’tfinishB.hasn’tfinishedC.haven’tfinishedB()【2013广西贵港】—DoyouknowthemovieLostinThailand?—Yes.I______ittwice.It’sfunny.A.sawB.seeC.haveseenD.willseeC()【2013黑龙江牡丹江】—Lunch?—No,thanks.I__________.A.willeatB.ameatingC.haveeaten()【2013湖北黄冈】—WhereisTom?Wecan’tfindhimanywhere.—Perhapshe_____home.A.hascomeB.isgoingC.wentD.wasgoingCA现在完成时与一般过去时的比较1）一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday.（强调看的动作发生过了。）Ihaveseenthisfilm.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。）2）一般过去时常与具体的表示过去的时间状语连用;现在完成时通常与模糊的时间状语连用，或无时间状语。一般过去时的时间状语:yesterday,lastweek，…ago,in1990,inOctober,justnow,…--具体的时间状语现在完成时的时间状语:for,since,sofar,ever,never,just,yet,till/until,uptonow,inthepastfewyears,recently,…--模糊的时间状语判断正误Tomhaswrittenalettertohisparentslastnight.Tomwrotealettertohisparentslastnight.对错3）现在完成时可表示持续到现在的动作或状态，动词一般是延续性的，如live,teach,learn,work,study,know.一般过去时常用的非持续性动词有come,go,leave,start,die,finish,become,getmarried等。ShejoinedtheLeaguethreeyearsago.(加入的动作不是延续的)ShehasbeenintheLeagueforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(在团内的状态可延续)ShehasbeenaLeaguememberforthreeyears(sincethreeyearsago).(是团员的状态可持续)since用来说明动作起始时间—“自从……”for用来说明动作延续时间长度—“长达……”Ihavelivedhereformorethantwentyyears.IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.Myaunthasworkedinacompanysince1949.Ihavenotheardfrommyuncleforalongtime.比较since和for注意：并非有for作为时间状语的句子都用现在完成时Iworkedhereformorethantwentyyears.(我现在已不在这里工作。)Ihaveworkedhereformanyyears.(现在我仍在这里工作。)HehasgonetoShanghai.他(已经)去上海了。HehasbeentoShanghai.他(曾经)去过上海。比较have/hasbeentohave/hasgonetoHewenttoShanghailastweek.他(曾经)到/去过上海[在他人生中曾经有过这样的经历,但他人现在肯定不是在上海而是回来了]他已经去上海了[也许刚动身出发,也许已经到了,也许还在路上,反正他人不在这里]上周他[做了一件事:那就是]去了上海HehasbeentoShanghai.HehasgonetoShanghai.HehasbeeninShanghaifor10years.他呆在上海迄今为止已经10年了[现在还在上海没有离开呢]辨析这些句子由时态导致的含义上的差别1.Hedied10yearsago.---He____________for10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---He________thebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---He________themotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---He________heresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedoffthelight2hoursago.---Thelight____________for2hours.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化1.Hedied10yearsago.---Hehasbeendeadfor10years/since10yearsago.2.Heborrowedthebook2weeksago.---Hehaskeptthebookfor2weeks.3.Heboughtthemotorbikeamonthago.---Hehashadthemotorbikeforamonth.4.Hearrivedherethreedaysago.---Hehasbeenheresincethreedaysago.5.Theyturnedonthelight2hoursago.---Thelighthasbeenonfor2hours.延续性动词和瞬间性动词之间的转化(keys)•6.Helefthere2yearsago.•---He____________fromherefor2years.•7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.•---Thefilm____________for30minutes.•8.Theyopenedthedooranhourago.•---Thedoor____________foranhour.•9.Theyclosedthedooranhourago.•---Thedoor____________foranhour.•10.Hejoinedthearmylastyear.•---He________a____forayear.•---He____________thearmyforayear.•---It____ayear____hejoinedthearmy.•6.Helefthere2yearsago.•---Hehasbeenawayfromherefor2years.•7.Thefilmbegan30minutesago.•---Th