深入理解计算机系统

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Chapter1:ComputerNetworkandInternet计算机网络原理ComputerNetworkChapter1:ComputerNetworkandInternet课程要求了解计算机网络的体系结构,掌握TCP/IP网络的体系结构了解计算机网络协议的概念、协议层次及各层次的主要协议掌握主要的网络传输介质、数据交换的主要类型及基本原理掌握应用层协议原理及典型的应用层协议编程掌握传送层主要原理,熟练掌握TCP、UDP原理及编程掌握网络层主要原理,熟练掌握协议地址、路由原理掌握链路层及局域网主要概念、标准、差错控制等原理了解多媒体网络原理了解网络安全的相关问题、主要原理了解网络管理的基本问题Chapter1:ComputerNetworkandInternet教学安排教学方法:课堂讲授,课后练习,编程及实习教学手段:教学课件+多媒体投影总体学时安排:讲授48学时,期中考试2学时,实验32学时(7个必做实验、1个选做实验)。理论课期中、期末考核:闭卷考试实验课单列学分、单独评定成绩。Chapter1:ComputerNetworkandInternet教材和参考书:教材:《ComputerNetworking—Atop-downapproachfeaturingtheInternet》JamesF.Kurose/KeithW.Ross《计算机网络——自顶向下的方法与Internet特色》参考书:1、《数据通信与网络技术》,清华大学出版社,《Datacommunicationandnetworking》,BehrouzA.Forouzan2、《现代通信网络技术》,西南交通大学出版社,曾华燊著.3、《ComputerNetworks》,FourthEditionByAndrewS.TanenbaumChapter1:ComputerNetworkandInternet相关信息任课教师:于倩联系电话:13888639373电子邮件:yuqian@ynu.edu.cnChapter1:ComputerNetworkandInternetMaincontentsIntroducingsomebasicteminologyandconceptsExaminethebasichardwareandsoftwarecomponentsthatmakeupanetworkNetwork’sedge:endsystemsandnetworkapplicationsNetworkcore:thelinks,theswitches,theaccessnetworksandphysicalmediaHowthenetworksconnectwitheachotherExaminethedelay,lossandthroughputinacomputernetwork,providingasimplemodelforunderstandingtransmission,propagation,andqueuingdelaysProtocollayingandservicemodelsChapter1:ComputerNetworkandInternet2019年9月30日星期一7(1)ComputerNetworkWhatisnetwork?——Humannetworkasanexample.ComputerNetwork——thecollectionofcomputers:ConnectedViacommunicationlinksWiththetargettoshareresourcesResourcesinclude:hardware/software/information(data)andsomethingusefultoothersWhatiscomputernetwork?1.ComputerNetworkdefinitionandstructureInacomputernetwork,Computeristheelementoftheset.Chapter1:ComputerNetworkandInternet2019年9月30日星期一8(2)internetandInternetInternetisonespecificinternet;Internetisaworld-widecomputernetwork;Whatisinternet?WhatisInternet?theinternetistheinterconnectionof“ComputerNetwork”Canbeseenasthecollectionofcomputernetworks,i.e.Networkofnetworks.WhatsupporttheinternetandInternettorunwell:Variouscommunicationprotocols1、ComputerNetworkdefinitionandstructureinternet是指多个网络相互连接构成的网络,并更多地代表网络互连技术;Internet是一个特定的、实际运行的internet,是国际互连网的简称。Chapter1:ComputerNetworkandInternet2019年9月30日星期一9What’stheInternet:“nutsandbolts(具体细节)”viewmillionsofconnectedcomputingdevices:hosts,end-systemspc’s,workstations,serversPDA’s,phones,toasters(烤箱)runningnetworkapplicationscommunicationlinksfiber,copper,radio,satelliterouters:forwardpackets(chunks)ofdatathrunetworkOthernetdevices,e.g.switchesregionalISPcompanynetwork注[1]ISP:InternetserviceProviderlocalISP[1]routerworkstationservermobileHostsSwitchChapter1:ComputerNetworkandInternet2019年9月30日星期一10What’stheInternet:“nutsandbolts”viewprotocols:controlsending,receivingofmessagese.g.,TCP,IP,HTTP,FTP,PPPInternet:“networkofnetworks”looselyhierarchicalpublicInternetversusprivateIntranetInternetstandardsRFC:RequestforcommentsIETF:InternetEngineeringTaskForce(Internet工程任务组)localISPcompanynetworkregionalISProuterworkstationservermobileHostsSwitchChapter1:ComputerNetworkandInternet2019年9月30日星期一11(3)Thenetworkedge:Servicedescriptionendsystems(hosts):runapplicationprogramse.g.,at“edgeofnetwork”client/servermodelclienthostrequests,receivesservicefromservere.g.,(browser)/server;emailclient/serverpeer-peermodelminimal(orno)useofdedicatedserverse.g.:BT,eMule,Skype1、ComputerNetworkdefinitionandstructureChapter1:ComputerNetworkandInternet(3)Networkedge:connection-orientedserviceGoal:datatransferbetweenendsystems.handshaking:setup(preparefor)datatransferaheadoftimeHello,hellobackhumanprotocolsetup“state”intwocommunicatinghostsTCPConnection:Inaveryloosemode;Onlytheendsystemsisaware(明白的);VirtualConnection:vs.physicalconnectionincircuitswitching.TCPservice[RFC793]TCP-TransmissionControlProtocolInternet’sconnection-orientedservicereliable,in-orderbyte-streamdatatransferloss:acknowledgementsandretransmissionsflowcontrol:senderwon’toverwhelmreceivercongestioncontrol:senders“slowdownsendingrate”whennetworkcongested2019年9月30日星期一12Chapter1:ComputerNetworkandInternet(3)Networkedge:connectionlessserviceGoal:datatransferbetweenendsystemssameasbefore!UDP-UserDatagramProtocol[RFC768]:Internet’sconnectionlessservicenohandshakingnoflowcontrolnocongestioncontrolunreliabledatatransferApp’susingTCP:HTTP(),FTP(filetransfer),Telnet(remotelogin),SMTP(email)App’susingUDP:streamingmedia,teleconferencing,Internettelephony2019年9月30日星期一13Chapter1:ComputerNetworkandInternet2019年9月30日星期一14(4)TheNetworkCoremeshofinterconnectedroutersthefundamentalquestion:howisdatatransferredthroughnet?circuitswitching:adedicatedcircuitpercall:telephonenetpacket-switching:datasentthrunetindiscrete“chunks”1、ComputerNetworkdefinitionandstructureChapter1:ComputerNetworkandInternet我们知道,电路交换主要针对电信网的,特别是电话通讯网。如果让N部电话两两相连,就需要N*(N-1)对电线。当电话机数量很大时,这种连接方法需要的电线数量就太大了。因此为使电话之间能方便地通信,使用了电话交换机。电路交换网中,相互通信的端系统所需资源,在其通信期间,必须全部预留。2019年9月30日星期一软件学院于倩

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