英语常见词缀总结

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英语常见词缀总结1.名词后缀1)-or/er/ess/crat/cis:做某件事情或职业的人或物:worker,debtor2)-acy,表示“性质,状态,境遇”democracy,accuracy,diplomacy3)-ance,-ence表示“性质,状况,行为,过程,总量,程度”importance,diligence,difference,obedience4)-ancy,-ency,表示“性质,状态,行为,过程”frequency,urgency,efficiency,5)-bility,表示“动作,性质,状态”possibility,flexibility,feasibility,6)-dom,表示“等级,领域,状态”freedom,kingdom,wisdom7)-hood,表示资格,身份,年纪,状态childhood,manhood,8)-ion,-sion,-tion,-ation,-ition,表示“行为的过程,结果,状况”action,solution,conclusion,destruction,expression,correction9)-ism,表示“制度,主义,学说,信仰,行为”socialism,criticism,,heroism10)-ity,表示“性质,状态,程度”purity,reality,ability11)-ment,表示“行为,状态,过程,手段及其结果”treatment,movement,judgment,punishment,argument12)-ness,表示“性质,状态,程度”goodness,kindness,tiredness,friendliness13)-ship,表示“情况,性质,技巧,技能及身份,职业”hardship,membership,friendship14)-th,表示“动作,性质,过程,状态”depth,wealth,truth,length,growth15)-tude,表示“性质,状态,程度”latitude,altitude(海拔)16)-ure,表示“行为,结果”exposure,pressure,failure,procedure(手续),17-grapy,表示“……学,写法”biography,calligraphy,geography18)-ic,ics,表示“……学……法”logic,mechanics,electronics,linguistics19)-ology,表示“……学……论”biology,zoology,technology(工艺学)20)-nomy,表示“……学……术”astronomy,economy,bionomy(生态学)2.形容词后缀(1)带有“属性,倾向,相关”的含义1)-able,-ible,visible,flexible2)-ish,foolish,bookish,selfish(注意accomplish,vanish是动词)3)-ive,active,sensitive,productive4)-like,manlike,childlike5)-ly,manly,fatherly,scholarly,motherly6)-some,troublesome,handsome7)-ful,beautiful,wonderful,helpful,truthful8)-ous,dangerous,generous,courageous,various9)-ent,violent10)-most,foremost,topmost顶端的11)-alnaturalnational11)less,表示否定,countless,stainless,wireless3.动词后缀1)-ize,ise,表示“做成,变成,……化”modernize,mechanize,democratize,organize使系统化2)-en,表示“使成为,引起,使有”quicken,weaken,soften,harden3)-fy,表示“使……化,使成”beautify,purify,intensify,signify,simplify4)-ish,表示“使,令”finish,abolish,diminish,establish5)-ate,表示“成为……,处理,作用”separate,operate,indicate4.副词后缀(形容词)-ly:bad→badly坏地/恶劣地,careful→carefully小心地-wise:clock→clockwise(a./adv.)顺时针方向的(地);like→likewise同样地-wards:out→outwards向外面地,north→northwards向北方地5.否定前缀dis-主要加在名词、形容词,动词之前,dis-为否定前缀的词有:disadvantage缺点、dishonorable不光彩的、disagree不同意,dislike,in-常加在形容词,名词之前,如incorrect不正确的、inability无能无力、inaccurate不准确的等;im-加在字母m,b,p之前,这样的词有impossible不顺能的、impolite不礼貌的il-主要加在以1开头的单词的前边,比如:illegal非法的、illiterate文盲的没有文化的、illogical不合逻辑的;ir-放在以r开头的英语单词前面,比如:irregular不稳定的、irresistable不可抵抗的、irresolvable不能分解的不能解决的;un-主要放于名词,形容词,副词前面,常见的例子有unfinished未完成的、undoubted无疑的、unemployment失业;unfriendlynon-加在形容词、名词前,这样以non-为否定前缀的词有non-existence不存在;non-smoking禁止吸烟的而mis-加在动词、名词前,例词misunderstand误解、misjudge误判、misleading误导、misfortune不幸;dis-加在动词之前,例词有disappear消失、disarm解除武装、disconnect失去联系;disagree不同意,disappear,discoveranti-加在名词、形容词前边。最常见的是anti-Japanese抗日战争、anti-social厌恶社会的反社--会的,anti-black

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