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ProducedbyZhangYaling概念•连词是一种虚词,它不能独立地担任句子成分,只是连接词与词、短语与短语以及句子与句子的作用。•英语中连词只要分两类：并列与从属连词。并列连词：用来连接平行的词、短语或分句。从属连词：用来引导一个从句。并列连词：a.并列关系：and，aswellas,either…ornotonly…butalso，both…andneither…nor.b.转折关系：but，yet，or.c.因果关系：for，so.d.选择关系：or，either…or.并列连词连接两个分句，构成并列句。1.andNowstopblowing,andsoonyouwillfindtheglassclearagain.Tenminutesearlier,andwecouldhavecaughtthelastbus.and在此表示条件，等于ifyoustopblowingnow,you…….Ifwecameheretenminutesearlier,we……2.notonly…butalso/aswellasNotonlythemotherbutalsothechildrenaresick.Themotheraswellasthechildrenissick.不但妈妈而且孩子也病了。不但孩子们而且妈妈也病了。连接主语时，强调的方面不同，谓语动词在人称、数上也要调整。3.orTheelephantisn’tlikeawall,oraspear,orasnake,oratree,neitherishelikeafan.在否定句中并列成分的列举通常用or来连接，不用and。从属连词：用来连接各种从句。1.主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句连接词有：that,if,whether,as连接代词：who，whom，whose，whatwhich,whatever,whoever,whichever连接副词：when，where，why，how，wherever,whenever从属连词：用来连接各种从句。2.状语从句引导时间状语从句连词有：as,when,while,till,not…until…,until,before,since,assoonas,hardly/scarcely…when,nosooner..than,once,themoment,theminutethat,bythetime引导让步状语从句连词有：although,though,evenif,eventhough,nomatter+who(what,when,how,where)或whoever,whatever,wherever,however等as,though(要用倒装)从属连词：用来连接各种从句。2.状语从句引导原因状语从句连词有：because,asfor,since,nowthat引导地点状语从句连词有：where,wherever引导目的状语从句连词有：sothat,inorderthat引导结果状语从句连词有：so…that,such…that引导方式状语从句连词有：as,asif(though)引导比较状语从句连词有：than,as引导条件状语从句连词有：if,unless,so(as)longas,incase,once,asfaras,onconditionthat从属连词：用来连接各种从句。3.定语从句•关系代词：who，whom，whose，which，that•关系副词：when，where，why4.同位语从句同上（除that外）区别几组同义词连词:一.when，while，as“当…时”*when+持续性V.//+终止性V.e.g.HewasdoinghishomeworkwhenIcamein.*while+持续性动作，表示“在…时”;表示对比“而”e.g.Strikewhiletheironishot.Iliketeawhileshelikescoffee.*as+延续性动词---“当…的时候”;“一边…一边”e.g.ImetherasIwascominghome.(=when)Shesangasshewalkedhome.Ashetalkedonhegotmoreandmoreexcited.二.because(因为)，since（既然）,as(由于),for(因为)*“Whydidyoumovethere?”“________myfatherfoundajobthere.”•Themanfainted(晕倒)_________hewastiredandhungry.*______itisknowntoall,theearthmovesroundthesun.*_______youcan’tanswerthequestion,perhapswe’dbetterasksomeoneelse.*Theoldladydoesn’tgooutinwinter,_____shefeelsthecoldagreatdeal.BecausebecauseAsSincefor类别作用例句because表示不知道原因，可放在句首或句末，句首要用逗号分开。句末不需分开。IamleavingbecauseIamfull.for表示不知道的原因，语气最弱，是可说可不说的话，只能放在主句后，而且必须与前面的分句分开。for前有“逗号”It’smorningnow,forthebirdsaresinging.since/as表示已知原因，since比as正式一点。通常放在主句前。Sinceeverybodyishere,let’sstart.下列情况只能用because1回答why问句时2用于强调句型中3被not否定时三.sothat“以便，为了”(表示目的)=inorderthatsothat“以致于，结果”(表示结果)Hegotupearlysothathecouldcatchthefirstbus.Hegotuplatesothathedidn’tcatchthefirstbus.Itwasverycold,sothatthewaterinthebowlfroze.Shetookmedicineontimesothatshemightgetwellsoon.“为了”“结果”“结果”“为了”so…that；such…that“如此…以致于”⑴他是如此聪明的男孩,我们大家都喜欢他.Heis_______acleverboythatallofuslikehim.⑵她被吓坏了,以致哭了起来.Shewas_____frightenedthatshestartedcrying.⑶这是一个如此美丽的公园，以致人们喜欢在里面玩.Itis_____beautifulaparkthatpeopleenjoyplayinginit.⑷Thereis____muchinkinthebottlethatyoucanuseit.⑸Thereare____manytextsinthebookthatwecan’tfinishlearningthisterm.suchsosososo小结：such+名词（词组）thatso+形容词/副词that六.if,whether“是否”•Sheasked___________Itooksugarinmytea.•Idon’tcare____itdoesn’train.=Idon’tcare________itrainornot.•________hewillcomeornotisunknown.•Theydiscussed__________theyshouldhelpher.•Weareconsidering_________togo.•Itisstillaquestion________theywillfinishthetaskintime.ifwhether/ifwhetherWhetherwhetherwhetherwhether七.whether和if的区别1.Idon’tcarewhetherhewillattendmybirthdaypartyornot.Idon’tcarewhetherornothewillattendmybirthdayparty.2.Ihaven’tdecidedwhethertoleaveornot.3.WhethertheywillgototheGreatWallisnotknown.和not连用whether可接不定式引导主语从句，放在句首时，只能用whetherwhether和if的区别4.Thequestionwhetherwewilltakepartinthephysicscontesthasnotbeendecided.Thequestioniswhetherwecanfinishthetaskontime.5.Itdependsonwhetheryouwanttodoitornot.引导同位语从句、表语从句，通常用whetherwhether可做介词的宾语从句的连接词Practice:1.Hurryup,______you’llbelate.2.Studyhard,______you’llmakeprogress.3.Ihadtriedhard,______Ifailed.4.Iwasgoingtojumpintotheriver_____theguidecalledouttome.5.Shecould______readGerman_______speakitwell.orandbutwhenbothand6.Youmay______doityourself______leaveittome.7.Ican’tswim,_________canmysister.8.Itmustberaining,_______itissodarkoutside.9.Theproblemwasveryhard,_________,weworkeditoutintheend.eitherorneitherforotherwise10.ShehadmuchdifficultyinstudyingEnglish,_____weshouldgivehermorehelp.11.WehavestudiedEnglishforonlyayear,______wecanalreadyactplaysinEnglish12.________he_______Iamfromthenorth.13.Youcan_______stayatschool_____Cometospendtheholidaywithus.sobutNotonlybutalsoeitheror14.Idon’tknowhim,______doIknowwherehecomesfrom.15.Hewasverytired,_____hekeptonworking.16.YoumaywatchTV,_____onlyforhalfanhourorso.17.Come_____today_______tomorrow.18.Iwasill,and_________couldnotcome.noryetbuteitherorthereforeas引导让步，要用倒装Childasheis,heknowsalot.MuchasIlikeit,Iwon’tbuy.Tryashewould,hecouldn'tlifttheheavybox.A.when/WhenB.while/WhileC.as/As1.____hecomestomorrow,Ishallaskhimwherehehasbeen.2.____hewasspeaking,everybodylistenedcarefully.3.____theypickedtea,thegirlssanghappily.4.Haveagoodlookatthatman___youpasshim.