福特汽车培训材料——6SIGMA推行（英文PPT 54页）

1SixSigmaByDanielWuFordLioHoMotorCompany2OutlineQualitylevelWhatisSixsigma?WhyweneedSixsigma?DevelopmentandDeploymentstrategyHowSixsigmamergesintoourdailybusiness?3Overview-FourQualityGurusHistoricallycompanieshavefocusedonqualityissuesforcustomersatisfactionPriortosixsigmatherewerefourkeyqualitygurusthatmostcompanies’qualityprogramsfollowedDemingJuranCrosbyTaguchi4DemingDemingtaught:•Importanceofunderstandingvariationinworkprocesses•Roleofmanagementinleadingforquality•Applicationofstatistics•Plan-Do-Check-Act5Deming’sContributiontoProfitabilityEXTERNALINTERNALCUSTOMERSATISFACTIONMARKETSHAREPROFITPRODUCTIVITYQUALITY-Betterproducts&services-Improvedprocesses-CompetewithvaluePRICE-CompetewithPrice-Decreasedcycletime-Eliminateset-uptimesCOST-OpportunityforprofitPRODUCTQUALITYPROCESSQUALITY-Reducerework-Eliminatein-processinspection-Reducescrap-Increaseproductlife-EliminateincomingtestingPlanDoCheckAct6JuranJurantaught:•Breakthroughperformance•Paretoeffect•Importanceofmanagementprinciples•Qualitybydesignandplanning7Juran’sContributionPlanningCostofPoorQuality(Percentofoperatingcosts)ProductionBeginsOriginalzoneofprocesscontrolNewzoneofprocesscontrol020400ControlTimeImprovementLessonsLearnedSporadicspikefromobservedproblemChronicWaste(anopportunityforimprovement)ControlSpecialcausevariationCommoncausevariation8CrosbyCrosbytaught:•Customerrequirementisperformancestandard•Qualitymaturityisajourney•Preventiveactionasbasicapproach9TaguchiTaguchitaught:•Costofpoorqualityislosstosocietyasawhole•Robustqualityisdesignedforconsistentproduction•Designcontrolismoreimportantthanproductioncontrol10Taguchi’sContributionLowerSpecificationLimitUpperSpecificationLimitNominalValueRegionofCustomerComplaintsRegionofCustomerComplaintsRegionofQuestionablePerformanceRegionofQuestionablePerformanceRegionofSpecifiedPerformanceMeanLowerControlLimitUpperControlLimitRegionofDesiredPerformanceCost11WhatAretheLimitstoImprovement?2Sigma3Sigma4Sigma5Sigma6SigmaBasicQualityToolsStatisticalToolsDesignforSixSigma(DFSS)BasicToolsWallDesignWallCleanSheet12ChallengeinthemillenniumQuestionconfrontingbusinessleadersandmanagers:Itisnot:“Howdowesucceed?”It’s:“Howdowestaysuccessfully?”13Change“Itisnotthestrongestthatsurvive,northefittest,butthosemostabletoadapttochange.”CharlesDarwinTheOriginofSpecies“Peopledonotresistchange,peopleresistbeingchanged.”Beckhard14ChallengeResistance-theuniversalreactiontochange.TechnicalresistancePoliticalresistanceOrganizationalresistanceIndividualresistance15SixSigma?SixSigmaisnotabusinessfadtiedtoasinglemethodorstrategy,butratheraflexiblesystemforimprovedbusinessleadershipandperformance.Itisnotabouttheory,it’saboutaction.Passion+Execution=FastandLastingResultsSixSigmaFocusDelightingthecustomerthroughflawlessexecutionRapidbreakthroughimprovementAdvancedbreakthroughtoolsthatworkPositiveanddeepculturechangeRealfinancialresultsthatimpactthebottomlineSigmaisastatisticalunitofmeasurethatreflectsprocesscapability.Thesigmascaleofmeasureisperfectlycorrelatedtosuchcharacteristicsasdefects-per-unit,parts-permilliondefective,andtheprobabilityofafailure/error(DistributionShifted±1.5s)2308,537366,80746,210523363.4sPPMProcessCapabilityDefectsperMillionOpp.SixSigmacorrespondstopartsperbillionifprocessiscenteredSixSigma-Goal3Sigma6Sigma5Sigma4Sigma93.32%99.379%99.9767%99.99966%HistoricalCurrentIntermediateLong-termSigmaLong-TermYieldStandardSixSigma-PerformanceTarget....ToProduceImprovedRolledThroughputYield,DefectsPerUnit,&DefectsPerMillionOpportunityReducedCostofPoorQuality(COPQ)ImprovedCapacityandProductivityReducedVariationInOurProcesses/Products$$’sAProblemSolvingMethodology•Characterize•Optimize•BreakthroughUSLTLSLUSLTLSLTUSLLSLUSL’LSL’TheStrategyCustomerFocused-BothInternally&ExternallyWhichBusinessFunctionNeedsIt?Aslongasthereisaprocessthatproducesanoutputwhetheritisamanufacturedproduct,data,aninvoice,etc...wecanapplytheSixSigmaBreakthroughStrategy.Fortheseprocessestoperformtoacustomerstandardtheyrequirecorrectinputs!!!6SigmaMethodsMFG..DESIGNSERVICEENGMAINT.ADMIN.QAPURCH.Dataisderivedfromobjects,situations,orphenomenonintheformofmeasurements.Dataisusedtoclassify,describe,improve,orcontrolobjects,situations,orphenomenon.1.Weonlyuseexperience,notdata.2.Wecollectdata,butjustlookatthenumbers.3.Wegroupthedatasoastoformchartsandgraphs.4.Weusecensusdatawithdescriptivestatistics.5.Weusesampledatawithdescriptivestatistics.6.Weusesampledatawithinferentialstatistics.LevelsofAnalysis:Whatlevelarewe??TheFoundationoftheSixSigmaTools23TheRoleofSixSigmaREGIONBAABCDE12345Sixsigmaisthebestmeanstorealizethephilosophy,values,andgoalsassociatedwithyourbusinessinitiatives.RegionBAExampleBusinessUnitInitiativesCostQualityTimeChampionsCommonMetricsBenchmarkingStretch-GoalsBreakthroughBlack-BeltsDiagnosticToolsExperimentDesignSPCDFMQualityPolicyQualityCouncil6sLinkingPinsBusinessAreaInitiativesItunifiestheinitiativesandprovidesacommonlanguagewhichallpeoplecanunderstandandspeak.HowDoWeImproveCapability)X,...,X,X,X(f=Yk321•OurOutput