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SixSigmaOverviewSixSigmaOverview6SIGMASixSigmaSixSigmaSixSigmaSixSigmaSixSigmaSixSigma©PraxairChinaSixSigmaGroup,Unpublishedproprietaryworkavailableonlyunderlicense.Allrightsreserved1.1——motorola1.2——GE1.3——SixSigmaSixSigma1.1——MotorolaPaulV.GalvinMotorola192930013——motorola6sigma1.12070——741.115%4%1981-198610226401.16SIGMA6SIGMA.1987-19922101.11.1MotorolaMotorola——SixSigmaSixSigma520%SixSigma14Billion21.3%;19874.2σ19975.6σQualityisourJob,CustomerSatisfactionisourDuty,CustomerLoyaltyisourFuture.---PhilosophyofMotorola++=Success1.21.2————GEGE--Isitpossible?--Canwegetabetterunderstanding?--Weweretoldtodoit.--Weneedtoimprove.--WeMUSTimprove.•Speed—•Simplicity—•Self-confidence—JackWelchJackWelchBossidy13SIGMA70-100236SIGMA1.26SIGMA1.21.2GEGE1996510199619976SIGMA199751998GEJackWelchJackWelchSixSigmaSixSigma“”SixSigmaSixSigmaGESixSigmaQualityisthenextartofproductivityJackWelchGE:30/7“”66SIGMASIGMA3“”1.21.2GEGESixSigmaSixSigma200M170M300M600M450M1,000M450M1,300M1996951997199819993,00011,00037,00047,000NoBelt,NoPromotion,NoBonus1.31.3SixSigmaSixSigma19871988~199519971999AlliedSignal??SixSigmaSixSigma8080909090SixSigma;GoalGoalMethodologyMethodologySystemSystemMetaphorsMetaphorsGE©PraxairChinaSixSigmaGroup,Unpublishedproprietaryworkavailableonlyunderlicense.Allrightsreserved2.12.22.3SixSigmaSixSigma------------------2.16SIGMA66SIGMA/2.22.2SixSigmaSixSigmaUSLLSLµσUSLLSLσσ1σ2σ3σ34.563%ppm166.27317300294.4545500399.732700499.997363599.9999430.57699.999999820.00182.22.2SIGMASIGMAPPMPPM“SIGMA“”6SIGMA3.46SIGMA61003.42.262.262.22.2ShiftShiftPredictionTime2.22.2DriftDriftPredictionTime2.22.21.5σ6σ4.5σPredictionTimeSixSigmaCapabilityQualityYIELD=P(Z(6-1.5))-P(Z(-6-1.5))=99.99966%DPMO=(1-0.9999966)X1000000=3.4dpmoSixSigmaCapabilityQualitySixSigmaCapabilityQualityYIELD=P(Z(6YIELD=P(Z(6--1.5))1.5))--P(Z(P(Z(--66--1.5))1.5))=99.99966%=99.99966%DPMO=(1DPMO=(1--0.9999966)0.9999966)XX1000000=3.41000000=3.4dpmodpmo1.5σµ1µ2-6σ6σSigmaCapability=f(dpmo)2.22.2SigmaSigmaProcessCapability(Shifted1.5σ,long-term)3.4623356,210466,8073308,5272DPMOSigmaLevelSixSigma1DPBO2.22.2DpuDpu—defective—defect—DefectsperUnitProcessedUnitsTotalobserveddefectsTotal=dpu2.22.2DpuDpuDefectsperUnit54321GlideHeightLubeThicknessCarbonThicknessCoercivityRoughnessFlatnessIDDimensionODDimension01213TotalDefectsperDiscX87XX65XX43X2X1DiscNumber-DPU7Defects/5units=1.4DPU1110010101040DPU2210010010101001010DPU2.22.2DPMO&DPMO&PPMPPM2.72.93.13.33.53.73.94.14.34.54.71234567891011121314151617181920DPMODefectPerMillionOpportunities---000,000,1DPMO×=ies/UnitOpportunitdpu#ProcessStepsSigmaLevelIncreasedcomplexityrequireshigherqualityRTY=.98RTY=.95RTY=.90--OpportunitiesOpportunitiesGlideHeight8LubeThickness7CarbonThickness6Coercivity5Roughness4Flatness3IDDimension2ODDimension188x5=40--DPMODPMO-DPO7Defects/40Opportunities=0.175GlideHeight8LubeThickness7CarbonThickness6Coercivity5Roughness4Flatness3IDDimension2ODDimension18x5=407•-DPO100,-DPMO=0.175x1,000,000=175,00033DPMOSIGMA1232003/4/12233242003/4/13152112003/4/14211014412350006000400010128211121321811751-351-3PPMDPUDPMOσ5dpmodpmodpmodpmodpmodpmo1.55398282.41840603.3359304.234675.21081.64601722.51586553.4287174.325555.3721.74207402.61356663.5227504.418665.4481.83820882.71150703.6178654.513505.5321.93445782.8968003.7139044.69685.6212.03085372.9807573.8107004.76875.7132.12742533.0668073.981984.84835.88.62.22419643.1547994.062105.02335.95.52.32118563.2445654.146615.11596.03.42.262.26SIGMASIGMADPMODPMO2.32.3??6SIGMA→→66SIGMASIGMAQualityImprovementDefects6SIGMA3SIGMA1SIGMASixSigmaSixSigma6SIGMA7SigmaScaleofMeasure1,000,000100,00010,0001,000100101DPMO••()()()()()()()()(0.43DPMO)()()345621()(140,000DPMO)?dpmo2.32.3SIGMASIGMASIGMASIGMA,CPCPK,ZBench+1.5,,DPMO=PPM=DPMOSIGMASIGMASIGMA601.50600.75600.00599.25598.50597.75LSLUSLProcessDataSampleN100StDev(Within)0.576429StDev(Overall)0.620865LSL598Target*USL602SampleMean599.548Potential(Within)CapabilityOverallCapabilityZ.Bench2.49Z.LSL2.49Z.USL3.95Ppk0.83CpmZ.Bench*2.68Z.LSL2.69Z.USL4.25Cpk0.90ObservedPerformancePPMLSL10000.00PPMUSL0.00PPMTotal10000.00Exp.WithinPerformancePPMLSL3621.06PPMUSL10.51PPMTotal3631.57Exp.OverallPerformancePPMLSL6328.16PPMUSL39.19PPMTotal6367.35WithinOverallProcessCapabilityofSupp1DPUDPMO©PraxairChinaSixSigmaGroup,Unpublishedproprietaryworkavailableonlyunderlicense.Allrightsreserved3.23.33.53.13.63.4SixSigmaSixSigma3.13.1TaguchiUSLLSLUSLLSLGoalPostMentalityVariationisEvil!TargetTargetLossLossLossLossLossLossLossLossNoLossNoLoss3.13.1SigmaSigmaUSLLSLLossPerformanceMeasure⊗⊗⊗LossLossLossLossNoLossNoLoss3.13.1SigmaSigmaTaguchiUSLLSLLossPerformanceMeasureLossLossLossLoss$••••……•••••66SIGMASIGMA••3.13.1SixSigmaSixSigmaσ6σFfTheNecessityofTrainingFarmHandsforFirstClassFarmsintheFatherlyHandlingofFarmLiveStockisForemostintheEyesofFarmOwners.SincetheForefathersoftheFarmOwnersTrainedtheFarmHandsforFirstClassFarmsintheFatherlyHandlingofFarmLiveStock,theFarmOwnersFeeltheyshouldcarryonwiththeFamilyTraditionofTrainingFarmHandsofFirstClassFarmersintheFatherlyHandli