基于PLC的摇臂钻床电气控制系统设计I摘要本设计是研究机械加工中常用的Z3040摇臂钻床传统电气控制系统的改造问题,旨在解决传统继电器—接触器电气控制系统存在的线路复杂、可靠性稳定性差、故障诊断和排除困难等难题。由于PLC电气控制系统与继电器—接触器电气控制系统相比,具有结构简单,编程方便,调试周期短,可靠性高,抗干扰能力强,故障率低,对工作环境要求低等一系列优点。因此,本设计对Z3040摇臂钻床电气控制系统的改造,将把PLC控制技术应用到改造方案中去,从而大大提高摇臂钻床的工作性能。论文分析了摇臂钻床的控制原理,制定了可编程序控制器改造Z3040摇臂钻床电气控制系统的设计方案,完成了电气控制系统硬件和软件的设计,其中包括PLC机型的选择、I/O端口的分配、I/O硬件接线图的绘制、PLC的SFC图和梯形图程序的设计,由于没有实物,还进行了仿真电路设计。对PLC控制摇臂钻床的工作过程作了详细阐述,论述了采用PLC取代传统继电器—接触器电气控制系统从而提高机床工作性能的方法,给出了相应的控制原理图。关键词:可编程控制器;摇臂钻床;电气控制系统;梯形图西南石油大学本科毕业设计(论文)IIAbstractThisdesignistostudiesthemachineprocessincommonuseZ3040ininsideradialdrillingmachineelectriccontrolsystemimprovesproblem.Theaimissolvingdevicecomplexity,inferiorreliabilityandstability,malfunctionanalysisandtroubleobviationofthetraditionalrelayelectriccontrolsystem.BecauseofelectriccontrolsystemPLCtherearelotsofadvantageswhichincludedesign,install,connectthelineandadjusttotryworkloadsmall,theperiodofresearchandmanufactureisshort,reliabilityishigh,theabilityofAnti-interferenceisverystrong,therateofbreakdownislow,thedemandofworkenvironmentislow,maintenanceconvenienceaseriesofadvantageetc.Therefore,aworkfortotheZ3040radialdrillingmachineelectriccontrolsystemreforming,willreformingPLCcontroltechniqueapplicationintheproject,thenincreasingradialdrillingmachine’sworkfunction.Thepaperintroducestothecontrolprincipleoftheradialdrillingmachine.EstablishedtheprogrammablecontrollerimprovethedesignprojectofelectriccontrolsystemofZ3040radialdrillingmachine.Completedthedesignofthesoftwareandhardwareoftheelectriccontrolsystem,AmongthemincludethemodelofPLCchoice、theI/Oallotmentoftheaddress、theI/Ohardwareconnectsthelinediagram、PLC'sSFCdiagramtrapeziumdiagram’sdesign,lackofphysical,butalsosimulatedcircuitdesign..ItexplainsthatPLCcontroltheworkprocessofradialdrillingmachine.DiscussingtheadoptionPLCreplacesthetraditionalelectriccontrolsystem’smethodandincreasestheworkfunctionofradialdrillingmachine,giveahomologouscontrolprinciplediagram.Keywords:PLC;Radialdrillingmachine;ElectricControlSystem;Trapeziumdiagram基于PLC的摇臂钻床电气控制系统设计I目录1绪论.................................................................11.1本设计的选题背景和意义..........................................11.2国内外关于本课题的技术研究现状和发展状态........................22Z3040摇臂钻床及传统电气控制原理分析..................................32.1Z3040摇臂钻床简介..............................................32.2Z3040摇臂钻床的结构及运动形式..................................32.2.1Z3040摇臂钻床的结构···················32.2.2摇臂钻床的运动形式····················42.3Z3040传统控制线路原理分析......................................52.3.1主电路分析························62.3.2信号及照明电路分析····················72.3.3控制电路分析·······················82.4联锁和保护环节.................................................132.4.1联锁环节························132.4.2保护环节························132.5液压系统.......................................................142.5.1操纵机构液压系统····················142.5.2夹紧机构液压系统····················153系统总体方案设计....................................................164基于PLC的Z3040电气控制系统硬件设计................................174.1PLC控制系统设计的基本原则.....................................174.2电气控制部分...................................................184.2.1电气控制主电路·····················184.2.2电机控制························184.3PLC的I/O端口分配表...........................................194.4基于PLC的Z3040摇臂钻床电气控制原理图设计.....................204.5主要电气元件选型...............................................224.5.1PLC的型号选择·····················224.5.2电动机选型·······················244.5.3主令电器选型······················24西南石油大学本科毕业设计(论文)II4.5.4继电器及选择······················264.5.5熔断器及选择······················294.5.6其他电器元件及选择···················305元器件明细表........................................................316基于PLC的Z3040电气控制系统软件设计................................316.1程序SFC图.....................................................326.2梯形图.........................................................326.3指令表.........................................................327系统调试.............................................................327.1仿真电路设计...................................................327.2仿真调试.......................................................338结论................................................................37致谢..................................................................38参考文献..............................................................39附录1控制系统梯形图.................................................40附录2控制系统指令表.................................................42附录3摇臂钻床元器件明细表............................................44基于PLC的摇臂钻床电气控制系统设计11绪论1.1本设计的选题背景和意义Z3040摇臂钻床是工厂中常用的金属切削机床,它可以进行多种形式的加工,如:钻孔、镗孔、铰孔及螺纹等。从控制上讲,它需要机、电、液压等系统相互配合使用,而且要进行时间控制。它的调速是通过三相交流异步电动机和变速箱来实现的。也有的是采用多速异步电动机拖动,这样可以简化变速机构。摇臂钻床的主轴旋转运动和进给运动由一台交流异步电动机拖动,主轴的正反向旋转运动是通过机械转换实现的。故主电动机只有一个旋转方向。此外,摇臂的上升、下降和立柱的夹紧、放松各由一台交流异步电动机拖动。[1]目前,我国的Z3040摇臂钻床的电气控制系统普遍采用的是传统的继电器—接触器控制方式。因其所要控制的电机较多所以电路较复杂,在日常的生产作业当中,经常发生电气故障,从而影响生产。另外,一些复杂的控制如:时间、计数控制用继电器—接触器控制方式较难实现,所以,有必要对传统电气控制系统进行改进设计。PLC电气控制系统可以有效的弥补上述系统的这一缺陷。可编程逻辑控制器(ProgrammableLogicController)简称PLC,是从早期的继电器逻辑电气控制系统发展而来,它不