石油管线长度的激光测距仪设计

南阳理工学院本科生毕业设计(论文)学院：电子与电气工程学院专业：电气工程及其自动化学生：白君毅指导教师：尉乔南完成日期2013年5月南阳理工学院本科生毕业设计（论文）石油管线长度的激光测距仪设计DesignonLaserLengthMeasuringInstrumentofthePetroleumPipelineLength总计：34页表格：5个插图：18幅南阳理工学院毕业设计（论文）石油管线长度的激光测距仪设计DesignonLaserLengthMeasuringInstrumentofthePetroleumPipelineLength学院：电子与电气工程学院专业：电气工程及其自动化学生姓名：白君毅学号：1109614059指导教师（职称）：尉乔南（讲师）评阅教师：完成日期：南阳理工学院NanyangInstituteofTechnology石油管线长度的激光测距仪设计I石油管线长度的激光测距仪设计电气工程及其自动化专业白君毅[摘要]:由于激光测距具有量程大、高精度、昼夜可用、方向性好等特点，使得激光测距成为一种应用广泛的测距方式。激光测距仪一般采用两种方法来量距离：脉冲法和相位法。本设计采用应用领域更广泛的脉冲激光测距法。石油管线长度的激光测距仪应以STC12C5A60S2系列89C52单片机为控制核心，通过控制脉冲激光测距模块去测量石油管线的长度，实时的显示测量结果，并将测量的结果保存在内部的E2PROM存储器中。测量完毕后，通过串口通信，还能将测量结果上传至上位机上，实现测量结果的再现，自动生成数据表格的形式存储，有助于查看历史测量结果。[关键词]:石油管线；脉冲激光测距；89C52单片机；计数储存；高精度测量DesignonLaserLengthMeasuringInstrumentofthePetroleumPipelineLengthElectricalEngineeringandAutomationSpecialtyBAIJun—yiAbstract:Becausethelaserranginghasthecharacteristicsoflargerangehighprecisionandavailabilitygooddirectionmakesthelaserranginghasbecomeawidelyusedmeasurementmethods.Laserrangefinderaregenerallytwowaystomeasurethedistance:thepulsemethodandthephasemethod.Thedesignusespulsedlaserwhichmakeawiderrangeofapplicationsrangingmethod.LaserrangefinderoilpipelinelengthshouldbebasedontheSTC12C5A60S2seriesmicrocontroller89C52asthecontrolcore,throughtomeasurepetroleumpipelinecontrolpulselaserrangingmodulelength,displaythereal-timemeasurements,andthemeasurementresultsaresavedintheinternalE2PROMmemory.Aftermeasurement,throughtheserialportcommunication,butalsothemeasurementresultswillbeuploadedtothehostcomputer,reappearingthemeasurementresults,theautomaticgenerationofthedatatableisstored,ishelpfultoviewthehistoryofmeasurementresults.Keywords:Petroleumpipeline；pulsedlaserranging；89C52microcontroller；countstorage；highprecisionmeasure石油管线长度的激光测距仪设计-1-目录1引言..................................................................11.1设计的背景及意义...................................................11.2激光测距仪发展历史和现状...........................................11.3设计主要内容......................................................22激光测距仪的总体方案设计................................................22.1激光测距法的分类..................................................22.1.1按测量原理分类...............................................22.1.2按测距能力分类...............................................32.1.3按激光载波数分类.............................................42.2相位式激光测距....................................................42.3脉冲式激光测距原理................................................52.4相位法与脉冲法的比较..............................................72.5脉冲激光测距仪的总体方案设计......................................82.5.1设计原则及技术指标...........................................82.5.2脉冲激光测距方程.............................................82.5.3硬件系统总体方案设计.........................................92.5.4软件系统总体方案设计.........................................93脉冲激光测距仪的硬件设计...............................................103.1脉冲激光测距模块.................................................103.1.1激光器的介绍................................................103.1.2光电探测器的介绍............................................113.2总体电路设计.....................................................123.3键盘的设计.......................................................123.3.1测量、通信按键..............................................123.3.2序号录入按键设计............................................123.4显示模块设计.....................................................133.5串口通讯模块设计.................................................143.5.1.串口通讯设计................................................143.5.2.单片机与脉冲激光测距模块的串口通信..........................153.6电源电路设计......................................................15石油管线长度的激光测距仪设计-2-3.7硬件系统的抗干扰.................................................154脉冲激光测距仪的软件设计...............................................164.1下位机的软件设计..................................................164.1.1单片机软件开发系统简介......................................164.1.2按键程序设计................................................164.1.3显示程序设计................................................174.1.4串口通信程序设计............................................174.1.5存储程序设计................................................184.1.6脉冲发射程序................................................194.1.7脉冲接收程序................................................204.2上位机软件设计...................................................214.2.1Labview软件介绍............................................214.2.2激光测距仪前面板设计........................................224.2.3上位机的串口通信设计........................................224.2.4数据处理模块设计............................................224.2.5数据存储模块设计............................................234.2.6创建软件安装程序............................................235脉冲激光测距仪的不确定度分析及性能测试.................................245.1脉冲激光测距仪的不确定度分析.....................................245.2与人工拉皮尺测量方法比较.........................................255.3脉冲激光测距仪的性能测试.........................................265.3.1稳定性实验..................................................265.3.2重复性实验..................................................