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RegulatorSelection,Installation,andOperation减压阀的选择、安装和操作Theprimaryfunctionofaregulatoristoreducehigh-pressuregasinacylinderorprocesslinetoalower,usablelevelasitpassesfromthecylindertoapieceofequipment.Aregulatorisnotaflowcontroldevice.Itisusedtocontroldeliverypressureonly.减压器的主要功能是，当钢瓶或过程管道内的高压气体从钢瓶流向设备时，把压力降到较低的可用的水平。调整器不是流量控制装置。它只能用来控制输出压力。Sincetherearenumeroushazardsassociatedwithspecialtygases—hazardsthatvarywiththegas,theequipmentused,andwiththeparticularapplication—itisnecessarytotaketheproperprecautionstoassuresafetyinhigh-pressuregascontrol.因为同特种气体相联系的危险很多，而且随气体、使用的设备和特定的应用而变化，有必要采取适当的措施来确保高压气体控制的安全。Beforeperforminganyoperationwithwhichyouarenotfamiliar,seektheadviceofanexperiencedindividual.Inadditiontoadheringtothesafetyandoperatingrulesprovidedhere,theusershouldbeawareoftheadditionalsafeoperatingpracticespeculiartoeachpieceofequipmentandeachapplication.Consultsalesofficewhenindoubtaboutcorrecthandlingprocedures.在进行任何你不熟悉的操作之前，找有经验的人咨询一下。除了坚持这里提供的操作规则以外，使用者还应该了解设备的每一部分和每个用途特有的其它安全操作惯例。当对正确的操作程序有疑问是，请向销售部门咨询。Neveruseanyregulatorforgasesotherthanthoseforwhichitisintended.禁止使用不是用于该气体的任何调整器。Thefollowingisapplicabletopressureregulatorsusedwithflammable,oxidant,corrosive,inert,ortoxicgases,whenitisnecessarytoreducecylindersupplypressuretoalowerusepressure.当有必要把钢瓶供应压力降到较低的使用压力时，下文对于用于易燃、氧化剂、腐蚀性、惰性或毒性气体的压力调整器是可以适用的。HowRegulatorsWork减压器怎样工作的Single-StageRegulators单级减压器High-pressuremediaentertheregulatorthroughtheinletintothehigh-pressurechamber(seeFig.1).Whentheadjustingknobisturnedclockwise,itcompressestherangespringandexertsaforceonthediaphragm,whichpushesthevalvestemopen.Thisreleasesgasintothelow-pressurechamber,exertinganopposingforceonthediaphragm.Anequilibriumisreachedwhenthespringforceonthediaphragmisequaltotheopposingforceofthegasinthelow-pressurechamber.高压介质通过入口进入高压腔（见图1）。当调节钮顺时针方向旋转时，它压缩距离弹簧，从而对隔膜施加了一个力，推开了阀杆。这就把气体放进了低压腔，对隔膜施加了一个反方向的力。当弹簧施加在隔膜上的力等于低压腔内气体的反作用力时，就达到了平衡。Inasingle-stageregulator,deliverypressureincreasesascylinderpressuredecays,becausethereislessgaspressureexertedonthevalvestem.Thus,frequentadjustmentofthecontrolknobisrequiredtomaintainconstantdeliverypressure.Thisdoesnotposeaproblem,however,withpipelinesandliquefiedgasproductswhereinletpressureismaintainedrelativelyconstant.在单级减压器里，输出压力随钢瓶压力的减小而增大，这是因为施加在阀门系统上的气体压力减小了。因此经常要调整控制钮，以维持恒定的输出压力。但是，对于入口压力相对恒定的管道和液化气体产品而言，这不是一个问题。Two-StageRegulators两级减压器Atwo-stageregulatorfunctionssimilarlytotwo,single-stageregulatorsinseries.Thefirststagereducesinletpressuretoapresetintermediatepressure,typically350to500psig.Byadjustingthecontrolknob,thesecondstagereducestheintermediatepressuretothedesireddeliverypressure.两级减压器的运转同两个单级减压器串联是一样的。第一级把入口的压力降到预定的中间压力，该压力典型值为350到500psig。通过调整控制钮，第二级把中间压力降到需要的输出压力。Likethesingle-stageregulator,outletpressurefromthefirststageofthetwo-stageregulatorrisesascylinderpressuredecreases.However,insteadofpassingoutoftheregulator,thegasflowsintothesecondstagewherethepressureismoderated.Thus,deliverypressureremainsconstantevenascylinderpressuredecays,eliminatingtheneedforfrequentcontrolknobadjustment.同单级减压器一样，两级减压器的第一级的出口压力随钢瓶压力的降低而升高。但是，气体不是排出减压器，而是流入第二级并得到缓和。因此，即使钢瓶压力下降，减压器的输出压力保持恒定，从而不需要经常调整控制钮。SelectingtheProperRegulator选择合适的减压器LineandCylinderRegulators管道和钢瓶减压器Lineregulatorsaretypicallypoint-of-useregulatorsservinglow-pressurepipelines.Theyarealsousedinconjunctionwithhigh-pressurecylinderregulatorsthatlimittheinletpressureto250to400psig.管道调整器是典型的用于低压管道的调整器。它们还和把入口压力限制在250到400psig之间的高压钢瓶调整器联合使用。Cylinderregulatorsareavailableineithersingle-stageortwo-stagemodelsforhigh-purity,generalpurpose,orspecialserviceapplications.钢瓶调整器既有单级的又有两级的，可以用于高纯度、通用或者特殊设施应用。High-PurityRegulators高纯度减压器High-purityregulatorsaredesignedandconstructedtoprovidediffusionresistanceandeasycleanup.Metaldiaphragmsandhighpurityseatsandsealsminimizeoreliminateoutgassingandinboarddiffusion.高纯度调整器设计和制造得能够提供扩散阻力和容易净化。金属隔膜和高纯度座和密封将漏气和内部扩散减到了最小或彻底消除。GeneralPurposeRegulators通用减压器Generalpurposeregulatorsaredesignedforeconomyandlongevity.Theyarerecommendedfornoncorrosivegeneralplant,pilotplant,andmaintenanceshopapplicationswherediffusionresistanceisnotrequired.通用调整器设计得既经济又寿命长。推荐用于对扩散阻力没有要求的无腐蚀性的一般工厂、试验工场和维修厂。RegulatorsforOxidizers用于氧化剂的减压器Becauseoxidizerschangethechemistryoffire,amaterialthatdoesnotburninairmayigniteorreactviolentlyinanoxidizeratmosphere.Equipmentusedinoxidizerserviceshouldbeselectedwithmaterialsofconstructionthatminimizetheprobabilityofignitionandtheriskoffireorexplosion.Thisequipmentmustbecleanedtoremoveanycontaminantssuchasoilsorgrease.Caremustalsobetakentoeliminateanyresidualcleaningagents.Regulatorsusedinoxygenserviceshouldbemaintainedexclusivelyinoxidizerservice.Ifaregulatorisusedinothertypesofservice,itmaynolongermeetoxidizercleanrequirements.由于氧化剂改变了起火的化学性质，在空气中不能燃烧的材料在氧化剂气氛中可能能够点燃或剧烈反应。用于氧化剂设施的设备应选用能够最大程度减小点燃的可能性和起火或爆炸的危险的建材。必须清洁系统，以去除任何污染物，如油或润滑脂。还要注意去除任何残留的清洁剂。用在氧设施里的调整器应该一直用在氧化剂设施里。如果调整器用于其它类型设施，它可能不再满足氧化剂清洁的要求。SpecialServiceRegulators特殊设施减压器Specialserviceregulatorsarespecificallyconstructedforspecialapplicationsincludingoxygen,acetyle