SAP2000基本分析参考手册(pdf 97页)中英文

SAP2000®三维结构线性和非线性静力动力分析设计程序基本分析参考手册12COPYRIGHTThecomputerprogramSAP2000andallassociateddocumentationareproprietaryandcopyrightedproducts.WorldwiderightsofownershiprestwithComputersandStructures,Inc.Unlicenseduseoftheprogramorreproductionofthedocumentationinanyform,withoutpriorwrittenauthorizationfromComputersandStructures,Inc.,isexplicitlyprohibited.Furtherinformationandcopiesofthisdocumentationmaybeobtainedfrom:ComputersandStructures,Inc.1995UniversityAvenueBerkeley,California94704USAtel:[phone]fax:[phone]e-mail:[e-mail]:www.csiberkeley.com©CopyrightComputersandStructures,Inc.,1978–2002.TheCSILogoisaregisteredtrademarkofComputersandStructures,Inc.SAP2000isaregisteredtrademarkofComputersandStructures,Inc.3DISCLAIMERCONSIDERABLETIME,EFFORTANDEXPENSEHAVEGONEINTOTHEDEVELOPMENTANDDOCUMENTATIONOFSAP2000.THEPROGRAMHASBEENTHOROUGHLYTESTEDANDUSED.INUSINGTHEPROGRAM,HOWEVER,THEUSERACCEPTSANDUNDERSTANDSTHATNOWARRANTYISEXPRESSEDORIMPLIEDBYTHEDEVELOPERSORTHEDISTRIBUTORSONTHEACCURACYORTHERELIABILITYOFTHEPROGRAM.THEUSERMUSTEXPLICITLYUNDERSTANDTHEASSUMPTIONSOFTHEPROGRAMANDMUSTINDEPENDENTLYVERIFYTHERESULTS.4ACKNOWLEDGMENTThanksareduetoallofthenumerousstructuralengineers,whoovertheyearshavegivenvaluablefeedbackthathascontributedtowardtheenhancementofthisproducttoitscurrentstate.SpecialrecognitionisdueDr.EdwardL.Wilson,ProfessorEmeritus,UniversityofCaliforniaatBerkeley,whowasresponsiblefortheconceptionanddevelopmentoftheoriginalSAPseriesofprogramsandwhosecontinuedoriginalityhasproducedmanyuniqueconceptsthathavebeenimplementedinthisversion.5TableofContentsChapterIIntroduction1AboutThisManual...........................1Topics...................................2TypographicConventions.......................2BibliographicReferences......................3ChapterIIObjectsandElements5ChapterIIICoordinateSystems7Overview.................................7GlobalCoordinateSystem.....................8UpwardandHorizontalDirections...............8LocalCoordinateSystems.....................9ChapterIVTheFrameElement11Overview.................................12JointConnectivity...........................13JointOffsets.............................13DegreesofFreedom..........................14LocalCoordinateSystem......................14LongitudinalAxis1.........................15DefaultOrientation.........................15CoordinateAngle..........................15SectionProperties............................17LocalCoordinateSystem......................17内容第一章简介1关于本手册............................1符号说明.........................2第二章对象和单元5第三章坐标系7概述.................................7全局坐标........................8垂直和水平方向....................8局部坐标系........................9第四章框架单元11概述.................................12节点连接............................13节点偏移.............................13自由度...........................14局部坐标系........................14纵轴1.........................15缺省方向.........................15坐标角度..........................15截面属性............................17局部坐标系......................176MaterialProperties.........................17GeometricPropertiesandSectionStiffnesses.........17ShapeType.............................18AutomaticSectionPropertyCalculation.............20SectionPropertyDatabaseFiles..................20InsertionPoint..............................22EndOffsets...............................24ClearLength............................24EffectuponInternalForceOutput.................25EffectuponEndReleases......................25EndReleases...............................26UnstableEndReleases.......................27EffectofEndOffsets........................27Mass...................................27Self-WeightLoad............................28ConcentratedSpanLoad.........................28DistributedSpanLoad..........................29LoadedLength...........................29LoadIntensity............................32InternalForceOutput..........................32EffectofEndOffsets........................34ChapterVTheShellElement35Overview.................................36JointConnectivity............................37DegreesofFreedom...........................40LocalCoordinateSystem.......................40NormalAxis3...........................41DefaultOrientation.........................41CoordinateAngle..........................41SectionProperties............................42SectionType............................43ThicknessFormulation.......................43MaterialProperties.........................44Thickness..............................44Mass...................................45Self-WeightLoad............................45UniformLoad..............................45InternalForceandStressOutput.................46材料属性.........................17几何属性和截面刚度...........17截面形状类型.............................18截面属性自动计算..............20截面属性数据库文件..................20插入点..............................22端部偏移...............................24净长度............................24内力输出影响.................25端部偏移影响............