中国食品安全管理规制的现状和改革思路(PPT35)

◊InternationalSymposium“FoodSafety:Consumer,Trade,andRegulationIssues”◊TheSituationandReformPlanabouttheFoodSafetyLegislationandRegulationsinChina中国食品安全管理规制的现状和改革思路XiaofengZhaoNorthwestSci-TecUniversityofAgricultureandForestry中国▪西北农林科技大学Background:CurrentsituationsoffoodconsumptioninChinaFoodconsumptionlevelwithitsquantityisimproving食品消费水平和质量不断提高Increasingdemandforsafe,nutritious,andtastyfood消费者对“安全、营养和美味”食品的需求日益增加Informationalchainsoffoodsafetywerebroken，Manyfoodpoisioningaccidentsoccurredannually食品质量安全的信息链割裂，食品中毒事件频发Foodqualitygradesareuneven,highqualityproductscannotguarantegoodprices食品质量等级参差不齐，难以保证优质优价ChangesofEngelCoefficientinChina(%)010203040506070801978199019952001UrbanAreasRuralAreasDataofheavyfoodpoisioningaccidentsinChina(1998-firsthalfof2003)110100100010000100000199819992000200120022003.1-6casespeopleinvolveddeathBackground:MainoriginsofunsafefoodPollutioncomesfromfarming种养业的源头污染Industrialpollutiondeterioratedagriculturalenvironment工业污染对生态环境的破坏Illegalfoodproductionandtrade非法食品生产和贸易Somerestaurantsandothercateringbusinesshavenonecessarysanitations餐饮业卫生条件不合格Consumerslackcommonsceneoffoodconsumption部分消费者缺乏食品消费的常识Causesoffoodpoisioningaccidents45%21%34%microorganiccontaminantpesticideresidualothersOrganizationsinvolvedinfoodsafetysupervision-Wherewearenow?MinistryofAgriculture(MOA)MinistryofHealth(MOH)StateAdministrationforIndustry&Commerce(SAIC)StateGeneralAdministrationofQualitySupervision,InspectionandQuarantine(AQSIQ)MinistryofCommerce(MOC)StateAdministrationofEnvironmentalProtection(SAEP)StateFoodandDrugAdministration(SFDA)Organizationsinvolvedinfoodsafetysupervisionandtheirfunctions-Wherewearenow?OrganizationsMainFunctionsMOAAdministratingtheproductionofagriculturalinputmaterialsOrganizingproductionofpollution-free,greenandorganicfoodAdministratingthecertificationofsafefoodAQSIQMonitoring,inspecting,testingnationalproductqualityAdministratingtheworkofcertification,accreditation,andstandardizationMOHAdministratingnationalfoodhygienestandardsMonitoringnationalfoodsanitationSAICMarketsupervisionMOCMarketregulationandcontrolonthemarketofkeyconsumingproductsSAEPFormulatingstatequalitystandardsofenvironmentCertificationandsupervisionoforganicfoodSFDAComprehensivesupervisionthequalitysafetyoffood,healthcareproductsandcosmeticsCoordinatingtheinvolvedorganizationsCurrentmanagementsystemsonfoodsafety-Wherewearenow?Agriculturaltechnicalstandardssystemhasformedbasically农业技术标准体系基本形成Qualitycertificationsystemisontheway质量认证体系建设开始起步Testsystemonagriculturalproductswassetupinitially农产品检测检验体系逐步建立Progressonthemanagementoffoodsafety-Wherewearenow?“Pollution-freefoodmovementplan”waspromoted“无公害食品行动计划”全面推进Productionofgreenfoodisinlargescale绿色食品发展初具规模Organicfoodwasexported有机食品走向世界Standardsofqualitysafetywereadvancedsteadily质量安全标准逐步推广Marketaccesssystemoffoodsafetywasputintoeffect食品质量安全市场准入制度开始实施“Pollution-freefoodmovementplan”waspromotednationallyFromJuly7th,2001,preliminaryexperiencesoftheplancarriedonintheselectedcities.MOApromotedthePlannationallyintheJulyof2002OnMay25th,2003,thefistcatalogueof214kindsofpollution-freeagriculturalproductswhichattainedcertificatewaspublished.Thesecertificatesbelongto155enterprisesinChinaandtheyaretotaled2.12milliontons.ProductionofgreenfoodisinlargescaleChinahasdevelopedgreenfoodin1990s.30percentofgreenfoodisprimaryproductsand70percentisprocessedproducts.Theoutputamountedto25milliontonsandthesalesreachedRMB￥59.7billionincludingexportsalesofUS$0.84billionin20024.45millionha.greenfoodproductionfield’senvironmentwasmonitoredOrganicfoodwasexportedChina’sorganicfoodhasexperiencedsteadydevelopmentin1990sBytheendof2002,therewereabout200kindsoforganicfoodSAEPhasgranted10.67thousandha.organicproductionbaseand17.33thousandha.conversionbaseTheexportsalesoforganicfoodhaveincreasefromUS$300thousandin1995toUS$0.1billionin2001TechnicalstandardsoffoodsafetywereadvancedsteadilyInOctoberof2001,AQSIQhasissuedeightitemsofstatestandardsofpollution-freeagriculturalproducts,whichinvolves15kindsofproductsMOAhasissued45itemsofgreenfoodstandardsin1995and2002SAEPhasimplementedTechnicalRegulationsofOrganicFood(Aprilof2002)andOFDCOrganicFoodStandards(Julyof2003)MarketaccesssystemoffoodsafetywasputintoeffectFromAugust1stof2003on,AQSIQhasinitiatedthemarketaccesssystemoffoodqualitysafetynationally.Themovementhasregulatedthequalitysafetyofwheatpowder,rice,edibleoil,sauceandvinegarbyproductionlicense,compulsorydeliveryinspectionandqualitysafetymark.Itissaidthatthemovementwillpopularizetoother10sortsofdailyfoodbytheendof2003Defects1:currentlegislationsandregulationsonfoodsafetyThesystemoflegislationsandregulationsonfoodqualitysafetywereimperfect食品安全的法律法规不健全Thesystemoffoodsafetyneedstobeimproved食品安全管理体系不健全Hazardswerenotrecognizedanddisposedastheyshouldbe对各种危害认识不足，处罚太轻TheimperfectsystemoflegislationsandregulationsonfoodsafetyMainexistinglegislations:AgriculturalLaw,ProductQualityLaw,FoodHygieneLawsomequalitystandardsofpollution-freefood,greenfoodandorganicfoodBut