井下安全阀系统设计与分析

CopyRight©2007LibraryofSouthWestPetroleumUniversity单位代码：10615西南石油大学硕士学位论文论文题目：井下安全阀系统设计与分析研究生姓名：周大伟导师姓名：钟功祥（副教授）梁政（教授）学科专业：机械设计及理论研究方向：石油天然气装备与工具2007年4月CopyRight©2007LibraryofSouthWestPetroleumUniversityCopyRight©2007LibraryofSouthWestPetroleumUniversity摘要I摘要随着全球经济的发展，整个世界对于能源的要求与日俱增，供需矛盾也日益突出。我国地大物博，石油资源原本非常丰富，但随着国民经济的飞速发展，我国的能源形势已变得越来越严峻，目前对石油的勘探和开发已经达到相当广泛的程度，因此正日益向海洋区域开采。海洋采油法规规定：在油气开采过程中，凡具有自喷或自溢能力的井都必须安装井下安全阀。油气井安装井下安全阀系统后，一旦采油气平台出现火灾或遭受其他重大灾害，油气井就能够自动关闭，从而避免严重的人员伤亡、井喷和海洋污染等恶性事故的发生。而我国井下安全阀大多依赖于进口，现有的技术还处于初始研究阶段。本文就是在对国内外井下安全阀相关技术资料进行广泛调研分析的基础上，针对国内井下安全阀结构过于复杂、存在一定的安全隐患和后期补救工作麻烦的问题，对井下安全阀结构进行改进。本论文主要开展以下几方面的研究工作：（1）收集国内外井下安全阀系统相关研究成果技术资料，了解目前井下安全阀系统的现状，分析国内井下安全阀系统中存在的不足之处，提出本论文的研究方案；（2）对国内外井下安全阀结构进行比较分析，在此基础上设计出井下安全阀结构；（3）利用现代机械设计分析软件Pro/E、Ansys，建立井下安全阀零件的三维实体模型，完成结构装配、干涉检验，并对井下安全阀主要零件进行有限元分析和结构改进；（4）综合运用计算机控制技术、自动控制原理、检测、液压传动与控制等方面的基础理论，完成井下安全阀井口控制系统的方案设计。总之，通过本论文的研究工作，对国内现有井下安全阀的结构进行改进，省去复杂的锁定机构，改变了连通液控管线与管内安全阀时的连通转换方式，增加其可靠性，为进一步科学地研究井下安全阀系统打下了基础。关键词：井下安全阀有限元模型结构改进控制系统CopyRight©2007LibraryofSouthWestPetroleumUniversityCopyRight©2007LibraryofSouthWestPetroleumUniversity摘要IIIAbstractWiththedevelopmentofglobaleconomy,thevolumeofdemandfortheenergysourcesincreasesteadilydaybydaythroughouttheentireworld,andthesupplyanddemandcontradictoryismoreandmoreprominent.Ourcountryisbounteous,theoilresourcewasextraordinaryrichintheold,butwiththerapiddevelopmentofnationaleconomy,ourcountryenergysituationhasbecomemoreandmoresternly.Atpresent,therehaveaquitewidespreadextendinthepetroleumexplorationandthedevelopment,so,thereisenteringtheseaareadaybyday.Thelawsofseaextractionstipulatedthat:Intheoilgasexploitationprocess,theoilwellwhichhastheabilitiesinflushoroverflowallmustinstallthesubsurfacesafetyvalve.Afteroilgaswellinstallsubsurfacesafetyvalvesystem,oncetherearefireorsufferotherbignessdisastersontheoilgasplatform,theoilgaswellcanshut-offbyitself,thereforeavoidsmoreseriouspersonnelloss,blowoutseaandpollutionandmalignantaccidentoccurrence.Butourcountrysubsurfacesafetyvalvemostlydependontheimport,theexistingtechnologyalsokeepintheinitialresearchstage.Thisarticleisbaseonwhichcarryingontheextensiveinvestigationandstudyanalysisofthedomesticandforeignsubsurfacesafetyvalvecorrelationtechnicaldata.Aimattheproblemsofthedomesticsubsurfacesafetyvalvestructurewhichistoocomplex,existingcertainsecurityhiddendangerandremediationtroublesomequestion,makethestructureimprovementforthesubsurfacesafetyvalve.Thispapermainlydevelopsseveralaspectresearchworksasfollows:Firstly,collectsthetechnicaldataaboutthedomesticandforeignsubsurfacesafetyvalvesystemcorrelationresearchresults,understandpresentsituationofthesubsurfacesafetyvalvesystem,analysethedeficiencyinthesubsurfacesafetyvalvesystemandbringforwardthepresentpaperresearchplan;Secondly,carriesonthecompareanalysisbetweenthedomesticandforeignsubsurfacesafetyvalvestructure,anddesignsthesubsurfacesafetyvalvestructureinthisfoundation;Thirdly,usesmodernmachinedesignanalysissoftwarePro/E,Ansystoestablishthethreedimensionalfull-scalemodelaboutthesubsurfacesafetyvalveandcompletethestructureassembly,theinterfereexamination.Also,therearefiniteelementanalysisandstructureoptimizationformainpartsofsubsurfacesafetyvalve;Fourthly,exertsthebasictheoryintegrationaboutthecomputercontroltechnology,automaticcontrolprinciple,examination,fluiddriveandcontrol,tofinishthesubsurfacesafetyvalvewellheadcontrolsystemtheplandesign.Inaword,throughthepresentpaperresearchwork,carriesontheimprovementtothedomesticexistingsubsurfacesafetyvalvestructure,omitsthecomplexlockingmachine,changethetransformationwaywhichconnectthefluidcontrollineandtheCopyRight©2007LibraryofSouthWestPetroleumUniversity井下安全阀系统设计与分析IVtubeinnersafetyvalveandincreaseditsreliability,buildthefoundationforthefurtherscientificallystudiesofthesubsurfacesafetyvalvesystem.Keywords:Subsurfacesafetyvalve;finiteelementmodel;structureoptimization;controlsystemCopyRight©2007LibraryofSouthWestPetroleumUniversity目录1目录摘要.............................................................IAbstract.........................................................III目录..............................................................11绪论.............................................................11.1引言..................................................................................................................11.2本论文研究的目的及意义..............................................................................21.3本论文的主要工作及创新..............................................................................32井下安全阀工作原理和国内外发展现状、应用及存在问题...............52.1井下安全阀工作原理......................................................................................52.2井下安全阀国外发展现状、应用及存在的问题..........................................52.3井下安全阀国内发展现状、应用及存在问题............................................103井下安全阀系统方案设计..........................................113.1井下安全阀系统设计原则............................................................................113.2井下安全阀系统设计的理论方法..............................................................