从中国观点看工厂的健康与安全(1)

ChinesePerspectiveonHealth&SafetyinFactories从中国观点看工厂的健康与安全ETIChinaConferenceGuangzhouMay11,2004PentlandGroupWeiDongZhouPentland集团商务标准部东南亚代表周卫东先生发言ChinesePerspectiveonHealth&SafetyinFactories从中国观点看工厂的健康与安全ETIChinaConferenceGuangzhouMay11,2004PentlandGroupWeiDongZhouPentland集团商务标准部东南亚代表周卫东先生发言IntroductiontoEthicalTradingInitiativeConference公正商贸联盟介绍会11/5/2004公正商贸联盟AboutPentlandGroup关于Pentland集团•TheHistory–PrivateBusiness--RubinFamily–BeginslifeastheLiverpoolShoeCompanyin1932–SellsfashionshoestoUKretailer•Today–Managing10brandsandsoldproductsover170countrieswithannualretailsalesofUS$2billion–PurchaseUS$700millionproductfromChinaeachyear–Seriesofsports,leisure,outdoorandfashionbrands•想当年……–鲁宾(Rubin)家族–於1932年在英国成立–售卖時尚鞋类产品到零售商•今天……–品牌管理跨国集团，年销售额20亿美金–每年从中国采购的货物约7亿美金–各类运动、户外活动、及紧貼流行时尚的产品HowWeDoBusiness我们做生意的原则GroupSourcingprinciple集团的采购政策•Ourapproachistodobusinesswithsupplierswhoadoptandcompliancewithourbusinessstandardsor只与采纳和实施本集团商务标准的供货商Theirpoliciescommitwithsimilarstandardsand或其政策体现出相同标准的供货商发展业务，并：A.Complywithlocallawsandregulations自觉遵守当地的法律法规；B.Complywithinternationalconventionsandrules遵守国际公约和国际惯例；C.IdentifyandpromotegoodpracticeonCorporateSocialResponsibility探索和推广企业社会责任的良好实践。BusinessCodeofConduct集团供货商应遵守的商务标准守则1.Livingwagestobepaid确保最低工资2.Workinghourstobenotexcessive禁止超长时间工作3.Workingconditionstobesafeandhygienic提供安全卫生的工作環境4.Childlabournottobeused禁止使用童工5.Noforcedlabour禁止强迫劳动6.Nodiscrimination遵守不歧視原則7.Noharshorinhumantreatment禁止残酷的或非人道的待遇8.Freedomofassociationandtherighttocollectivebargaining尊重自由结社和集体谈判的权利9.Regularemploymenttobeprovided提供稳定的就业机会HealthandSafetyProblemsinChineseFactory中国工厂的安全卫生管理问题1.ManagementSystemIssue工厂管理的问题2.WorkersIssue工人的问题3.OwnerIssue老板的问题ManagementSystem工厂管理的问题•Moreemphasisonproductionratherthansafety.Poorsafetybasiscreatelotofhiddendanger重生产，轻安全，安全基础差，隐患多•Inappropriatestorage,usageandprocessofdangouschemicalproduct.Noprotectionmeasurementorwarningsigns危险化学品的存放、使用和处理不当，没有保护措施或警告标志（MSDS)•PersonalProtectionEquipmentisnotavailableornoteffectivelyusedbyworkers工人没有个人防护用品（PPE），或者没有有效使用•Workersareexposedtohighnoiseenvironment.Noeffectiveengineeringmethodtocontrolorisolatenoisesource工人暴露高噪音环境中，没有采取有效的工程方法控制或隔离噪声源•Noformalpolicyforaccidentreporting,investigationorhandling.Nopreventionmeasurementtoavoidthereoccurrenceofthesameorsimilaraccidence没有正规的事故报告、调查和处理制度；没有预防措施，相同或相似事故重复发生WorkersIssue工人的问题•Lackofsafetyandhygieneknowledge,insufficienttrainingbeforetakingupthepost.安全卫生知识缺乏，岗前培训不足•Unsafeoperationasaresultofpiecework-basedsalary计件工资制导致不按安全操作规范作业•Highturnoverrateoftheimmigrantlabour外来农民工多，流动性强•Poorcommunicationwithmanagersandsupervisors与主管、班组长沟通技巧差•Mostworkerslacktheconfidencetoprotecttheirownright多数工人缺乏维权自信心ManagersIssue老板的问题1.Managersdonotcaremanagement–ignoranceandmeanness老板不愿管理-视而不见，一毛不拔Afewmanagersdonotwanttoinvestinhealthandsafety少数工厂老板不愿投资健康安全Disregardthehealthandsafetyproblemuntilaccidencehappen放任工厂健康安全问题，出了事再说“Ratherpayforthecoffinthanthemedicine”宁愿花钱买棺材，也不愿花钱买药ManagersIssue老板的问题2.Managersdonotunderstandmanagement–employingindigenousmethods老板不懂管理-“土法上马，偏方治理”Simpleandrude,using“policecatchingthief”method简单粗暴，采取“警察抓小偷式”办法，Securitystaffinspectallaroundthefactory,imposingfineonceviolationofregulationisfound保安全厂巡逻，发现违章操作就罚款3.Managersdonotknowmanagement--“Noscientificmethodsresultinbiginvestmentbutpoorresult”老板不会管理–不讲科学，投入大效果差Inappropriatesafetyorganisationornoimplementationofpolicy.Anshowysafetyproductioncommitteewithnopracticaluse安全组织不合理或制度没有实施,“花架子”安全生产委员会Safetyinspectionbecomeamereformality.Nopreventionmeasurement安全检查流于形式，没有预防措施Irregularsafetytraining安全培训时有时无Nostandardisedprocessforworkplaceaccidenceinvestigation工伤事故调查处理不规范ManagersIssue老板的问题Solutions解决的途径Basicprinciples基本原则：Preventionasthefirstpriority,andtocombinewithcontrol,strengthenthe“3simultaneously”“预防为主，防治结合”，狠抓“三同时”Threeways三个途径：Authoritiestostrengthensupervision--safetyproductionsupervisionbureau政府相关部门要加强监督--安全生产监督局Managers’awarenessofsafetyinvestment:7:4:1管理层的安全投入意识：7：4：1Workers‘awaressofselfprotection--effectivetrainingmethods工人的自我保护意识–有效的培训方法ChineseSafetyLaw中国的《安全生产法》•Passedon29June2002inthe28thConferenceoftheStandingCommitteeoftheNationalPeople’sCongress.Enforcedon1stNovember2002,through21yearseffortdespiteallthedifficulties2002年6月29日全国人大常委会二十八次会议通过，自2002年11月1日起执行，历经艰辛，21年立一法•97termsin7chapters,around11700words安全生产法共有七章97条，约11700字Chapter11-15GeneralPrinciple第一章1-15总则Chapter216-43Enterprise第二章16-43企业Chapter344-52Employee第三章44-52职工Chapter453-67GovernmentandSocialIntermediates第四章53-67政府及社会中介Chapter568-76EmergencyProvision第五章68-76应急预案Chapter677-95Legalresponsibilities第六章77-95法律责任Chapter796-97SupplementaryArticles第七章96-97附则ImpactoftheNewSafetyLaw(28Terms)《安全法》对企业及经营者的要求(28条)1.Setupandimprovethesafetyproductionresponsibilitysystem:Mainpersoninchargeorchiefpositionisthefirstresponsibilityholderandisresponsibleforoverallperformance建立、健全本单位安全生产责任制:主要负责人或者正职：第一责任者，负全面责任2.Safetyproductionmanagementdepartmentshouldbesetupinfactoriesofmorethan300employees,equippedwithprofessionalsafetyproductionmanagementpersonnel从业人员超过300人，