信息安全中的密码-sunrui1

[e-mail][e-mail]20022002121228281.1.““””2.2.3.3.4.4.1.1.““””“”80809090COMSECINFOSECIACOMSECINFOSECIA„„„„„„„„„„ISO/IEC7498-21.1.AuthenticationAuthentication1.1.AccessControlAccessControl2.2.DataConfidentialityDataConfidentiality3.3.DataIntegrityDataIntegrity4.4.NonNon--repudiationrepudiationISO/IECISO/IEC74987498--22————19941994--1111--1515————ISO/IEC7498-211EncryptionEncryption22DigitalSignatureMechanismsDigitalSignatureMechanisms33AccessControlMechanismsAccessControlMechanisms44DataIntegrityMechanismsDataIntegrityMechanisms55AuthenticationMechanisms)AuthenticationMechanisms)66TrafficPaddingMechanismsTrafficPaddingMechanisms77RoutingControlMechanismsRoutingControlMechanisms88NotarizationMechanismsNotarizationMechanismsNNNNNNNNYYNNNNYYNNNNNNNNYYNNNNYYYYNNNNNNYYNNYYNN,,NNNNNNNNYYNNNNYYNNNNNNNNYYNNYYYYNNNNNNNNYYNNYYYYNNYYYYNNNNNNNNYYNNNNNNNNNNNNNNYYNNYYNNNNNNNNNNYYNNYYNNNNNNNNNNYYYYNNNNNNYYNNYYNN,,NNNNNNNNNNYYNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNNYYYYNNNNNNYYNNNNYYYY“”„„————„„————„„————„„————„„————„„————„„————„„————„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„————————————————————————2.2.„„————„„„„„„19491949„„194919491975197519491949ShannonShannon““””19671967KahnKahn7070IBMIBM„„1976197619761976DiffeDiffeHellmanHellman1XZYYXXE(P,KE)Network......CPCPD(C,KD)„„PlaintextPlaintextXX„„CipherCipher„„EEDD„„„„„„„„„„////„„„„DESDES19771977„„==„„1.1.2.2.„„1.1.2.2.3.3.„„RSARSA19771977RRivestivest,,SShamirhamirAAdlemandleman„„„„1.1.2.2.„„1.1.2.2.„„„„::„„::„„„„KerckhoffKerckhoffKerckhoffKerckhoff„„„„„„((CiphertextCiphertext--onlyAttack)onlyAttack)„„((KnownKnown--plaintextAttack)plaintextAttack)„„((ChosenChosen--plaintextplaintextAttack)Attack)((AdaptiveAdaptive--chosenchosen--plaintextAttack)plaintextAttack)„„((ChosenChosen--ciphertextciphertextAttack)Attack)„„„„„„(1)(1)--„„(2)(2)„„(3)(3)„„44„„HashHash„„„„((QuantumCryptography)QuantumCryptography)„„((HeatFlowCryptography)HeatFlowCryptography)„„((ChaosCryptography)ChaosCryptography)„„((VisualCryptography)VisualCryptography)„„19691969WiesnerWiesner„„‹‹‹‹BellBell‹‹3.3.‰mn‰‰‰‰Shannon————‰Feistelnn/2LRfKiii-1—DES„„NationalBureauofStandardsNationalBureauofStandards--NBSNBSNISTNIST19721972—DES„„19731973551515NBSNBS19731973FederalFederalRegister1973Register1973NBSIBMLuciferFIPSPUB461977715—DES„„19971997112828RSARSA1313DESDES•Contestidentifier:DES•Cipher:DES•Startofcontest:28January1997,9amPST•Stateofcontest:finished•IV:99e97cbf4f7a6e8f•Hexadecimalciphertext:794581c0a06e40a20be333c65c93b722aac26127ff72acc60368602b43993c319f36e6ae820c5d3fa23bb491e5efeea3b99278d4af0f66aaf517e8640888828d67bafebf78956095316ae298781c6af7—DES„„DESDESNSANSA„„19941994199819981212DESDESAESAESRijndaelRijndaelAESAESDESDESAES„„19971997441515NISTNISTAESAES„„19971997991212„„2000200033NISTNISTAESAES151520012001800800--3838AA55ECBECBCBCCBCCFBCFBOFBOFBCTRCTRAES„„„„„„//AES„„————„„————„„„„————„„AES„„„„„„„„AES//„„„„„„„„„„AES„„RijndaelRijndaelAESAESAES„„RijndaelRijndael„„AESAESRijndaelRijndael128128bitbit128/192/256128/192/256bitbit10/12/1410/12/14AES„„RijndaelRijndaelSquareSquareRijndaelRijndael—RC5„„20022002992626distributed.netteamdistributed.netteamRSARSARC5RC5--6464„„„„331,252331,252„„$10,000$10,000—RC5wwContestidentifier:RC5Contestidentifier:RC5--32/12/532/12/5wwCipher:RC5Cipher:RC5--32/12/5(RC5with3232/12/5(RC5with32--bitbitwordsizewordsize,12rounds,and,12rounds,and5*8=405*8=40--bitkey)bitkey)wwStartofcontest:28January1997,9amPSTStartofcontest:28January1997,9amPSTwwStateofcontest:Stateofcontest:finishedfinishedwwIV:8a162f69e83798IV:8a162f69e83798bcbcwwHexadecimalHexadecimalciphertextciphertext::1235136478d31235136478d3dada08d915ed2089305f5008d915ed2089305f50685c6cb4bf5b0038ff444ed9d49b4616685c6cb4bf5b0038ff444ed9d49b4616fbfb1292629bd47f1a8d481292629bd47f1a8d48fefeb663d1d4c2b663d1d4c2ebeb190d863ff443759a58062c8ba59e6a190d863ff443759a58062c8ba59e6a3330c33ea83330c33ea8abab24252425—RC5wwContestidentifier:RC5Contestidentifier:RC5--32/12/632/12/6wwCipher:RC5Cipher:RC5--32/12/6(RC5with3232/12/6(RC5with32--bitbitwordsizewordsize,12rounds,and,12rounds,and6*8=486*8=48--bitkey)bitkey)wwStartofcontest:28January1997,9amPSTStartofcontest:28January1997,9amPSTwwStateofcontest:Stateofcontest:finishedfinishedwwIV:IV:cfcf4c4cdfdf7c0836eacc7c0836eaccwwHexadecimalHexadecimalciphertextciphertext::46deb31b185d4be66846deb31b185d4be668efef9e4c72b3a1449e4c72b3a1440606fafbfafbf40711256b41e9b58f1a32b85af40711256b41e9b58f1a32b85ad51cb637e76102e95b0066331ce76461d51cb637e76102e95b0066331ce764611207d3b60056818c42f051a2f6457ed51207d3b60056818c42f051a2f6457ed5f6132ae1f6132ae1ebfdebfd8a908a90—RC5wwContestidentifier:RC5Contestidentifier:RC5--32/12/732/12/7wwCipher:RC5Cipher:RC5--32/12/7(RC5with3232/12/7(RC5with32--bitbitwordsizewordsize,12rounds,and,12rounds,and7*8=567*8=56--bitkey)bitkey)wwStartofcontest:28January1997,9amPSTStartofcontest:28January1997,9amPSTwwStateofcontest:Stateofcontest:finishedfinishedwwIV:7b32f08ae617de8cIV:7b32f08ae617de8cwwHexadecimalHexadecimalciphertextciphertext::82d34ea7b324860bc6d8615ce9f9e47982d34ea7b324860bc6d8615ce9f9e479885c98f1d2924c59885c98f1d2924c