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:2001-11-25;:2002-04-02:(CXIOG2B00202205):(1963),,,,(,100101):,,,,,,WTO,,,:,,,:;;;;:TV21314;X143(2):A:1007-7588(2002)04-0049-07WATERRESOURCESECURITYANDCOUNTERMEASURESINCHINAORIENTEDTOGLOBALIZATIONMINQing2wen,CHENGSheng2kui(InstituteofGeographicalSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch,CAS,Beijing100101,China)Abstract:Asoneofthemostimportantfeaturesinthepresentworld,globalizationincludesnotonlyeconomicaspectbutresourcesutilizationandenvironmentalissuesaswell.Water,aspecificnaturalresource,isnec2essaryforthehealthyofbothhumanbeingandnaturalecosystemandissignificantfornationaleconomicde2velopment.Therefore,ithasgainedextensiveattentionfromscientistsbothdomesticandabroad,policymak2ersandinternationalorganizationsinrecentyears.BycombiningthecurrentsituationofwatersecurityinChi2nawiththepotentialinfluenceofglobalization,themainconcernofthispaperisdevotedtostrategiccounter2measuresofChinatowardsglobalization.AsthemembershipofWTO,Chinawillconfrontedwithincreasinglyseriouswaterissuesinvolvinginwatershortage,waterpollutionandwater-relatedecologicalproblems,whichmakeChinaswaterresourceslackcompetitivenessontheinternationalmarket.Nevertheless,global2izationwillofferChinaopportunitiestoguaranteewatersecuritywhilebringingchallenges.Itisarguedthatcountermeasuresasusingexternalwaterresourcesaswellasconservinginternalwaterresources,improvingefficiencyofwaterutilizationandtransformingindustrialstructure,andsoon,shouldbelaunchedoutforChinaswatersecurity.Keywords:Globalization;Waterresource;Watersecurity;Countermeasure;China1,,,,24420027RESOURCESSCIENCEVol.24,No.4July,2002©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,[1,2],,,[39],2000,21[3,10]202,5,,1P5,30108,30001044000104,1999:,2025,1P3(23108),,:[11,12];[13];,;[14],22.180,6188818108m3,,2812414108m3[15],,217515m3,(3000m3-11000m3-1),,,;,(16017m3-1),(1),2000[16],1999,200093108m3,85108m3,20108m3,12108m3:20%3;30%4();80%5()212[10],,,,,:3000m3;2000m3(1700m3,);1000m3;500m3[10],,()05244©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.(2)1Table1WaterresourcesindifferentregionsofChina(108m3)(m3-1)(m3hm-2)(mm)401829512118631924816141614519300616122152361935113344117125171431543512312713911650617213216617815441236312857108699182451339010142916699113204117751821031065891717114261916017853710326153251443715642817305108971119181142210158511267618113016113331548310116817336710814591594211142214343517475171985213335103691043561721313407174401550261924613981121627171982412527181626162525184114815767182134112263135289819992111880104188104265017791143133182744143417718553141035102936122110714587162221105179163458614579164482101710681712360721837219441191225188596142141727413107016545910671962612120881891017148713919176127801319118821845861022149125310P2746013217515211161928819:[15],,;;;21Table2WaterdeficiencyindifferentregionsofChinabasedonper2capita2basedindexandTable1,,,,150mm,,[10],,,,,,,[6,17,18],1P39P10,,(3)80%,90%,,,,,,,,15244:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.310aTable3Variationofwastewaterinlast10yearsofChina(108t)(%)(%)19913367030199236763371993356623819943655941199539059411998395514919994014951200062066343,4,,,6%31%,6%21%,,WTO,,GDP4,1P3,,,,71997153,121[17],(4)4[19]Table4ComparisonofwaterresourcesamongChina,USA,BrazilandIndia(km3)(m3)1)(km3)(%)(m3)(%)2459.108983467.3419183913454219905190.003142436.47124622195919901850.001896380.0021612349319952)2800.002231460.00164616787198041022.0069183240.008645823691987:1)1998;2),,,,Brown1998[11],,,,,,,,,,[10,20],,10002000,25244©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.,[10],,,,:30a,4,,,,,,,411,[16],2000250108m3,39108m3;7205108m3,99108m3,138108m3,,,,,[21],,,,,,,,,,,,,,,,[6],-1.17,,1t1.17kg[14],1P21P3[10],,,,,,,,[22]412(1),,,,,,[23],,,(2),,,,,,[16](3),,,35244:©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.413,,,199010.3m-3,198932.4m-3,199510.7RMBm-3199519901P8,19891P25[4],,,2001,430m3,410m3,630m3GDP,1000m38(),,3000m3;300m35(),,140m3160m3[16],,,,,,,,,,414,,;,,,,,4108hm2,,6108t,(),,,[14],,,Brown,1kg4kg,1kg2kg,19901997,9%;,,20%;,7%[11],,,,,()(),,,,,,,(References):[1],.[N].,199927229.CHENGSheng2kui,SHENLei.Nationsresourcessecurity[N].SciencesTimes,199927229.[2].[J].,2001,24(1):510.WANGLi2mao.ResourcessecuritystrategiesinChina[J].ResourcesScience,2001,24(1):510.[3].21[J].,1994,16(5):7879.ZHENGYa2xin.WaterconferenceinStockholmorientedtothe21stcentury[J].ResourcesSci2ence,1994,16(5):7879.[4].21[J].,2001,21(1):910.FANGZi2yun.Watersecurityisthemaingoalofmodernwaterconser2vancyinthe21thcentury[J].AdvancesinScienceandTechnol245244©1995-2004TsinghuaTongfangOpticalDiscCo.,Ltd.Allrightsreserved.ogyofWaterResources,2001,21(1):910.[5].21[J].,1999,(10):2931.HONGYang.Chinaswatersecurityinthe21stcen2tury[J].EnvironmentalProtection,1999,(10):2931.[6].21[J].,2001,12(1):6671.JIANGWen2lai.WaterresourcesecuritystrategyforChinainthe21stcentury[J].AdvancesinWaterScience,2001,12(1):6671.[7],.[J].,2000,(4):14.LIUYang,LIChong2guang.ThoughtsofChinaswatersafetyinthefuture[J].EcologicalEcon