安全健康通讯-文职系办公室人体工效学与职安健及办公室舒展运动

DesignofWorkstationsTheterm“Ergonomics”derivesfromGreek,carryingthemeaningofthelawsofwork.Withanoperator-orientedapproach,ergonomicsisconcernedwithdesigningthemostsuitableworkstations,equipment,toolsandpracticesforpeoplebasedonthephysicalfeaturesofhumanbody,forthepurposeofenhancingproductivityandworkefficiency,simplifyingworkingproceduresandreducingthepossibilityofmistakesandevenworkinjuriesandaccidents.Apartfromindustrialapplication,ergonomicscanalsobeappliedtoofficessoastoprovideasafe,healthyandcomfortableworkingenvironmentforsedentaryworkers.Workstationsforofficestaffareequippedwithdesks,chairsandfilingcabinets/storagecabinets,anddifferentkindsofequipmentandtoolssuchasdisplayscreenequipment,telephones,stationeryanddocumentracks.Theheightandotherdimensionsofaworkstationandchairandthelocationofequipmentandtoolsshouldfitthebodysizeoftheuser,insuchawaythattheusercanalwaysmaintainaproperpostureatworkforoccupationalhealthpurposes.Adeskshouldbeadjustableinheighttofitthebodysizeoftheuserandtheworknatureconcerned.Thedesktopshouldallowsufficientspaceforoperationandplacementoftelephonesets,stationeryandothernecessarytools.Ifthereisanydisplayscreenequipmentinuse,makesurethatenoughroomisavailableforuseroperationapartfromthespacesforkeyboardandmouse.Thetoolsfrequentlyinuseshouldbeplacedwithinreachofthehands.Thereshouldbesufficientspacebelowthedesktopfortheusertostretchhislegsatease.Chairs34–52Usechairswithadjustableheights(34–52cm).Rotarychairsalloweasiermovementbutalwayspayattentiontotheirstability.Generally,rotarychairsshouldhaveafive-prongedbase.Usechairswithback-reststoprovidesufficientlumbarsupport.Chairpansshouldfitthelengthoftheusers’thighssothattheuserscanleanontheback-restswiththeirthighsonfirmsupport.Theleadingedgeofchairsshouldideallyberoundinshape.Usearmrestsbasedonworkconditionsanduserneeds.Ifauserisrequiredtoworkwithdisplayscreenequipmentwithoutsufficientsupportfromthedesktopandkeyboarddrawerforbothhands,armrestsmustthenbeprovided.FilingCabinets/StorageCabinetsPlacethecabinetsatasuitablelocationtoavoidbacktwistingorbendingovertoreachitems.Items/documentsfrequentlyinuseshouldbeplacedintheeasiestaccessibleareasinsidethecabinets.DesksArea within reachArea out of reachTheergonomicprinciplescanalsobeappliedtotheliftingofheavyofficeitemssuchascomputers,boxfiles,largewaterbottlesorothermaterialssoastoreducethechanceofinjury.Acaseinpointistoliftheavyitemswithforcesinyourlegsratherthanyourwaist.Thisisbecausethefeetaremoreforcefulthanthewaistwhilethewaistismorevulnerablethanthefeetinanactoflifting.Consideringthelimitofhumanbody,weshouldrefrainfromliftinganyitemwithbarehand(s)thatweighsover16kg.Belowaresuggestionsaboutthehighestfrequencyperminuteaccordingtothehumanbody’scapacitywhenapersonliftsanitemof16kgorbelow:DisplayScreenEquipmentWorkstationWhendisplayscreenequipmentisinstalledataworkstation,weshoulddesignthemostsuitableworkstationbasedontheuser’sbodysizeinaccordancewithergonomicprinciples.ManualHandlingOperationsUsearmrestsifneedbeJ.ScreenatrightangletolineofsightUseanadjustabledocumentholderThewristsshouldbendnomorethan10degreesUseascreensupportadjustableforrotationandtitlingUsearoundedorscrollededgeseatpadUseadeskwithadjustableheightMaintainaviewingangleof15-29degreesMaintainaviewingdistanceof35-60cmKeepupperarmandforearmatapproximately90degreesUseachairwithadjustableback-restUseachairwithadjustableheightof34-52cmUseafive-wheeledchairUseafirmfootrestifneedbeLeaveadequatespacebetweenthedesktopandthekneesAccordingtobodymechanicsprinciples,thefartheranitemisawayfromthehumanbody,themoreforceisrequiredforlifting.Inotherwords,liftingaheavyitemwouldcauseagreaterchanceofinjuryanditwouldbesaferforustokeeptheheavyitemclosetoourbodywhenliftingit.Thereare,however,chancesthatsomeliftingactspreventtheworkersfromkeepingtheitemsclosetotheirbodies.Inthiscase,workersareadvisedtoobservethesuggestedweightsthatapersoncanliftindifferentregionsapartfromthebodyasshowninthediagramforpreventionofinjury:Note:Thenumbersshowninthediagramareapplicabletomaleonly.Forfemale,theproposednumbersshouldbereducedbyonethird.OfficeStretchingExercisesSedentaryworkerskeepsittingforalengthyperiodoftimeinoffice.Thosewhoworkwithdisplayscreenequipmentareevenrequiredtoworkinthesamepostureforprolongedhours.Topreventmusclefatigueandotherligamentsissues,sedentaryworkersareadvisedtotakeregularbreaksanddothefollowingstretchingexercisesforrelaxationofdifferentpartsofthebody:Weight(Kg)Highestfrequencyperminute(Riskofinjuryincreaseifthefollowingnumbersareexceeded)2-3124-859-10211-161SourceGuidanceNotesonManualHandlingOperationsbyLabourDepartmentEyesRotateyoureyeballsclockwise,pausingfor3secondsateachofthe8directions.Repeattheexerciseinacounterclockwisedirection.ShouldersRotateyourshouldersforward;relax.Rotateyourshouldersbackward;relax.Repeatthisexercisetwice.FullheightElbowheightKnuckleheightMidLowerLegShoulderheight5Kg10Kg15Kg10Kg5Kg10Kg20Kg25Kg20Kg10KgOSHTrainingCoursesWehavejustgonethroughhowergonomicscanbeusedtoimproveoccupationalsafetyandhealthinoffice.OSH