安全心理学ThePsychologyofSafety

ThePsychologyofSafetyPresentedby:DanHannan,CSP,CHMMSafetyDirectorAssociatedGeneralContractorsofMNWhatThisPresentationisNOT!•Althoughwearetalkingabouthowthemindworks,NOhypnosiswillbeperformed.•ItisNOTagrouptherapysessiontouncoversomehorribleaspectofyourchildhood.•ItisNOTgoingtoinvolveanIQtestorotherwisemeasureyoursafetyintelligenceoraptitude.PresentationObjectiveINTRODUCEtheprinciplesthatshapeoursafetybehaviorORWhydowethinkandthendo(ornotdo)whatwearesuppose(ornotsuppose)todotostaysafe?Iwantyoutostartthinkingabouthowpeoplethink(aboutsafety)IfyouhaveanyquestionspleaseholdthemuntiltheendInformationSourcesTheanalysisofsafetybehavioror“BehaviorBasedSafety”isnotanewconcept.Ithasbeenstudiedforquiteafewyearsbymanyfolks.Certainsafetyprofessionalsfeelittobeworthwhilewhilesomedonot.Articlesandphoneinterviewsby:•RobertPater•RonBowles•ScottGeller•PeterCholakis•AndrewKappandPraveenParboteeah•NationalSafetyCouncil•…•…climbintoadeerstand,workonyourroofathomeorotherwiseworkatheightsonoroffthejobwithoutfallprotection?•…mowthegrass,operateachainsaworweedwhiporotherpowertoolsathomeorworkwithoutsafetyglasses,hearingprotectionorsteeltoedboots?•…useasolventbasedpaintorstainorsandsheetrockinapoorlyventilatedareaorwithouttheuseofarespirator?•…utilizeelectricaldeviceswithouttheuseofGFCIorflippingthebreaker?DoYou…•…workinlocationsthatwouldbeconsideredaconfinedspacewherehazardousatmospheresmayexist(i.e.usingcleaningchemicalsintheshower)?•…digonthejoborinyouryardathomewithoutclearingburiedutilities?•…driveavehiclewithoutusingaseatbeltorwhileapplyingmakeup?•…ensurethatthetraileryouaretowing(boat)isworkingproperly,itsnotoverloadedandtheloadisproperlysecured.Nomatterhowmuchsafetytraininghasbeenprovidedwhyareunsafeactsstillbeingcommitted(onandoffthejob?)QUIZ:Unsafeacts(behavior)accountfor__%ofaccidentsandinjuries?•20-40•40-60•60-75•75Answeris75AnOunceofPreventionisWorth…Employeeandcompanysafety-orientedprogramsdesignedtopromotesafebehaviorandmakeourjobsitesasafer:•Craftlaborapprenticeshiptrainingprograms•OSHA10/30Outreachtraining•VolunteerProtectionProgram(VPP)•StateOSHAsafetypartnershipprograms•Toolboxtalks/bestpractices•Safetyseminarsandworkshops•OSHAconsultationvisits•Pre-taskplanning•Healthandsafetyplans…Whydowestillplacesomuchtimeandmoneyintocorrectingunsafeconditionswhenmoretimesthannottherootcauseishumanbehavior—abilitytorecognizeahazardandmaketheproperdecision?Thecompanysafetyprofessionalisanarmyofone—whynotcreateanarmyofdozensbymodifyingfront-lineemployeebehavior!AnAGCConstructionLearningToolAnAGCConstructionLearningToolAnAGCConstructionLearningToolWHY?Whydowecommitunsafeactswhenweknowbetter?DoesChangingOne’sBehaviorTowardSafetyReallyWork?AbsolutelyResultsfromallsectorsofmanufacturingandconstructionhaveshown…–40-75percentreductioninaccidentratesandaccidentcosts–Greaterworkforceinvolvementinsafety–Bettercommunicationsbetweenmanagementandtheworkforce–Greater'ownership'ofsafetybytheworkforce–Morepositiveattitudestowardssafety–GreaterindividualacceptanceofresponsibilityforsafetyHowmanyofyouworkwithunsafecoworkers?OrHavechildren?Whatdotheyhaveincommon?Theyjustdon’tgetit!(theydon’tdowhatthey’vebeentold,listentowarnings,thinkthingsthroughorlearnfromtheirmistakes)WHY?ThePsychologyofSafeBehaviorThereappearstobethreecriticalelementsthatshapeourthoughtandreasoningprocessesandhowwedisplaythatintheformofsafetybehavior(ouractions)1.HowWeLearn(educatedandtrained)2.HowweareMotivatedandInfluenced(todosafety)3.AbilitytoFocusandpayAttention(tothetaskathand)First—setthestagewithsomecurrentsafetypsychologyprinciples.TheMentalSideofSafetyAnaccident,injuryorillnessistheresultofoneorbothofthefollowingUnsafeacts(behavior)OrUnsafeconditionsItisthepopularbeliefthatbehavioraccountsfor75-90%ofallincidentsBasisforUnsafeBehaviorTheconsequenceofbehavingunsafelywillnearlyalwaysdeterminefutureunsafebehavior,simplybecausereinforcedbehaviortendstoberepeated.ORIfIdosomething(knowinglyorunknowingly)unsafeanddon’tgethurt(andIgetthejobdonefasterorcheaper),Iwilllikelydoitagain(untilIdogethurtoramaskedtocorrecttostop[behavior]).Consequenceversusoutcome…iftheysucceedwilltheydoitagain?LESSON2Asidefromyoursafetybehaviorintheworkplace,shouldyouremployercareaboutyoursafetyoffthejob?Whyisitimportanttoyouremployerthatgoodsafetyhabitscarryoverintoyourhomelife?LESSON1“WorkingSafe:Howtohelppeopleactivelycareforhealthandsafety”byE.ScottGeller,Ph.D.WhyisGoodSafetyBehaviorImportantatWorkANDAwayFromWork?•FortheUSpopulation,thetwoleadingcausesofaccidentaldeatharemotorvehicleaccidentsandfalls(alsothetwobiggestaccident/deathconstructionexposures).•Ninetimesmoreworkersdieaccidentallyoffthejobthanatwork.•Thereareapproximatel