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2021届重庆市万州区南京中学高二上学期英语期中试题二、.阅读理解第一节（21---3616X2.5=40分）ANexttimeyouhearafunnyjokeyou'dbetternotlaughtoohard.AccordingtoapaperpublishedbytheBritishMedicalJournal,laughterisn'talwaysthebestmedicine.Sometimesitcanevenbeharmful.ProfessorRobinFernerfromtheUniversityofBirmingham,oneoftheauthorsofthestudy,foundthatbadthingscouldhappentopeoplewholaughedtoomuch.Hesays,“Wefoundpeoplewithheartbeatproblemswhichhadstoppedtheirhearts,wefoundpeoplewhohadfainted(昏倒),andwefoundpeoplewho'ddislocatedtheirjawsorbursttheirlungs.”Itseemsthatlaughingcanbenolaughingmatter.Butit'snotalldoomandgloom.ProfessorFernersaystherearebenefitsoflaughingwhenyouwanttoloseweight,forexample.Yes,that'sright:laughandbeslimmer!ProfessorFernerexplainsthat,“Youuseenergywhenyoulaugh,youmoveyourdiaphragm(横膈膜),youexpandyourlungs,andallofthosethingscanbehelpful.”Accordingtotheresearch,laughingforaquarterofanhourcanburnupto40calories,andifyoulaughalldayyouwilluseupabout2,000calories,whichiswhatmostpeopleconsumeinaday.Butdon'tdothatoryoumightendupwithapainfuljaw.Ouch!Oryoumightfindpeoplelookingatyouinafunnyway.ButIdon'twanttofinishthisarticleleavingyoufeelingdesperate.Laughtercomesnaturallyformostofus.Babiesbegintolaughataround3~6months.Sogiveintoyoursenseofhumourandkeepsmiling.Lifeisshortanyway.1.LaughingtoomuchmaycausethefollowingharmfulresultsEXCEPT.A.aheartstopB.diaphragmmovementsC.lungburstsD.ajawdislocation2.Theunderlinedphrase“doomandgloom”inParagraph2probablymeans“”.A.hopelessB.funnyC.painfulD.nervous3.Howmanycaloriescanyouuseifyoulaughforhalfaday?A.About40.B.About1,000.C.About2,000.D.About2,040.24.Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardslaughinginthelastparagraph?A.UninterestedB.DisapprovingC.WorriedD.FavorableBBornin1732intoaVirginiaplanterfamily,GeorgeWashingtonlearnedtherequisite(必备的)morals,manners,andabodyofknowledgeforan18th-centuryVirginiagentleman.Hehadtwointerests:militaryartsandwesternexpansion.Commissionedalieutenantcolonel(陆军中校)in1754,hefoughtwhatgrewintotheFrenchandIndianWar.Thenextyear,asanaidetoGen.EdwardBraddock,heescapedinjuryalthoughfourbulletsrippedhiscoatandtwohorseswereshotfromunderhim.From1759totheoutbreakoftheAmericanRevolution,WashingtonmanagedhislandsandservedintheVirginiaHouseofBurgesses(下议院).Marriedtoawidow,MarthaDandridgeCustis,hedevotedhimselftoabusyandhappylife.WhentheSecondContinentalCongresswasheldinPhiladelphiainMay1775,WashingtonwaselectedCommander-in-ChiefoftheContinentalArmy.OnJuly3,1775,atCambridge,Massachusetts,hetookcommandofhisill-trainedtroopsandawarthatlastedsixyears.HerealizedearlythatthebeststrategywastoharasstheBritish.In1781withtheaidofFrenchallies(盟友)heforcedtheBritishsoldierstosurrender.WashingtonlongedtoretiretohisfieldsatMountVernon.ButhesoonrealizedthatthenationunderitsArticlesofConfederationwasnotfunctioningwell,sohebecameaprimemoverinthestepsleadingtotheConstitutionalConventionatPhiladelphiain1787.Whenthenewconstitutionwasapproved,WashingtonwaselectedthefirstPresidentoftheUnitedStatesonApril30,1789.Tohisdisappointment,twopartiesweredevelopingbytheendofhisfirstterm.Tiredofpolitics,feelingold,heretiredattheendofhissecondterm.InhisFarewellAddress,heurgedhiscountrymentoabandonexcessivepartyspiritandgeographicaldistinctions.Inforeignaffairs,hewarnedagainstlong-termalliances.WashingtonenjoyedlessthanthreeyearsofretirementatMountVernon,forhediedofathroatinfectiononDecember14,1799.Formonthsthenationmournedforhim.25.Washingtonwasappointedtobealieutenantcolonelwhenhewas.A.20B.21C.22D.2626.WhatcanwelearnfromParagraph2?A.Washingtonwaslucky.B.Washingtonwashappy.C.Washingtonwasbrave.D.Washingtonwaswise.27.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedword“surrender”inParagraph5?A.Giveup.B.Giveoff.C.Giveout.D.Givein.28.HowmanytermsdidWashingtonserveasthepresident?A.Four.B.Three.C.Two.D.One.CSometimespeopleaddtowhattheysayevenwhentheydon'ttalk．Gesturesarethe“silentlanguage”ofeveryculture．Wepointafingerormoveanotherpartofthebodytoshowwhatwewanttosay．Itisimportanttoknowthebodylanguageofeverycountryorwemaybemisunderstood．IntheUnitedStates，peoplegreeteachotherwithahandshakeinaformalintroduction．Thehandshakemustbefirm．Ifthehandshakeisweak，itisasignofweaknessorunfriendliness．Friendsmayplaceahandontheother'sarmorshoulder，somepeople，usuallywomen，greetafriendwithahug（拥抱）．SpaceisimportanttoAmericans．Whentwopeopletalktoeachother，theyusuallystandabouttwoandahalffeetawayandatanangle，sotheyarenotfacingeachotherdirectly．Americansgetuncomfortablewhenapersonstandstooclose．Theywillmovebacktohavetheirspace．IfAmericanstouchanotherpersonbyaccident，theysay，“Pardonme．”or“Excuseme．”Americansliketolookattheotherpersonintheeyeswhentheyaretalking．Ifyoudon'tdoso，itmeansyouarebored，hidingsomething，orarenotinterested．Butwhenyoustareatsomeone，itisnotpolite．ForAmericans，thumbs-up；meansyes，verygood，orwelldone．Thumbs-downmeanstheopposite．Tocallawaiter，raiseonehandtoheadlevelorabove．Toshowyouwantthecheck，makeamovementwithyourhandsasifyouaresingingapieceofpaper．Itisallrighttopointatthingsbutnotatpeoplewiththehandandindexfinger．Americansshaketheirindexfingeratchildrenwhe