我国乳品安全现状及建议_一_历次_问题奶粉事件_的技术探讨[1]

:2010-05-30;:2010-06-09;:顾佳升(1948-),男,高级工程师,上海奶业行业协会副秘书长兼加工技术委员会主任,长期从事奶业行业管理及相关标准制定我国乳品安全现状及建议()历次问题奶粉事件!的技术探讨(上海奶业行业协会,上海200072):就全球的经验来说,乳与乳制品是具有最高市场风险的食品之一近年来我国食品安全的社会实践也印证了这个规律然而,全球乳品的危害通常表现是生物性的,而在我国则是化学性的本文试图结合我国乳业发展的若干特点和国家乳品安全标准(2010版)的制定,探讨形成这些事件的技术方面原因,并提出技术性应对思路和建议:食品安全;乳;乳制品;标准;现状;建议:TS252.7:A:1005-1295(2010)04-0051-06do:i10.3969/.jissn.1005-1295.2010.04.012TheStatusandtheProposalofDairySafetyinChina(∀)AtechnicaldiscussiononincidentsofproblemmilkpowderGUJiasheng(ShanghaiDairyAssociation,Shanghai200072,China)Abstract:Ontheglobalexperienceoffoodsafety,milkanditsproductisoneofthehighestrisksoffoodsinthemarke.tTheChineseexperienceoffoodsafetyhasalsoconfirmedthisruleinrecentyears.However,normallyontheglobaltheharmofdairyproductmanifestsisbiologica,lbutinourcountryischemica.lThispaperattemptstocombinewithsomenumberoffeaturesofthedevelopmentofChinesedairy,andthenationaldairysafetystandards(2010version),discussedtechnicalreasonsoftheseevents,andputforwardtheideasandtheproposalastechnicallyresponse.Keywords:foodsafety;milk;milkproduc;tstandard;status;proposal12008911,2004!,!,,,2008109#∃,131119#∃,20092#∃,:!!,,34,2.95%2.80%51()!,?!!,?,!(),?!,!,,!,!,!!,!!!!!,!,,,22.1,!,!;!,![1],!,!,!,,!,(TBC)30/mL1[2]172%,15s90%,0.5s130~150%,0.5~4s115~121%,15~20min&30/mL&50/mL&50/mL1&40mg/L300~600mg/L600~1200mg/L2-∋2,500mg/L200~400mg/L,,,,10(10%)9(25%)12(25%)90!,!!!!,[3]!,![4],![5],,![6],,30,522010284!2.2!!,!,(reconstituted)(recombined)(rawmilk)!,1983[7],#[8]∃!!,!!,,20[9]20059,,[10],,!,222007//20079.8232394.23200810.0939787.89200924.7858244.0820101-311.2633986.03!:!!UHT,;,,,!!,,(milkproducts)!,(milkbasedproducts)![11],,,,![12][13]!!2.3,,,,;,,,,;,!4,[14],!,(SCC)[15],!!,!2.4,!,!,!,!!:53(),!,,(rawmilk)!,,(flavored)!(fortified)!(formula)!,,,2.5!,!,;,,!,33.1!,()3.2!,()3.33.3.1,3.3.2,,()3.3.3,44.12004!#∃2003718#!∃,!#∃,:,!,!!!,21[16],!FDA()GeraldineJune[17]:!,!,!,(),,!,!,!!,,!2007927,(/[520])#∃,!!,70![18]4.2GB19301-2010#∃!66!,GB19301-2010#∃,66542010284!,,,:,?4.2.1!!,,,#(CAC)∃,(IDF)!,(rawmilk)!,,!(milk)![19]:MILKThenormalmammarysecretionobtainedfromoneormoremilkingswithouteitheradditiontheretoorextractiontherefrom.:,,,!,,,!!!!,!,,!!;!!!,!,RAWMILKMilkasitleavesthecow,subjectedonlytocoolingandperhaps,filtration,specificallynotsubjectedtopasteurization,thermization[20],clarification,sterilization,etc.:,,,!!,!,!!,!!!,!!,!,!,,,#(PMO)∃,,,,HACCP;!30,[21]3.PMO∗+!:3PMO!4,10,C(50,F);7,C(45,F)210,C(50,F),10,30,,75,PMO,PMO,HACCP,4.2.2!!,:!,,(germicidalaction)!,!,!55()(IDF)(EEC)!!,(TBC)!:1)();2);3),,,:1);2);3):!,:[1].[J].,2008,20(3):193-196.[2]−.[M].:,1997.[3]ISO(11814)/IDF(162-2002).Driedmilkassessmentofheattreatmentintensitymethodusinghigh-performanceliquidchromatography[S].2002.IDF(178A-1999).DeterminationofAcidSoluble-LactoglobulinContentReversedPhaseHPLCMethod\[S].1999.IDF(175-1995)/ISO/CD(11285).DeterminationofLactuloseContent/EnzymaticMethod[S].1995.[4].Maillard[J].,2006,(7):45-49.[5],.[J].,2005,(1):1-4.[6],.()[M].:,2002.[7].5.4//30[EB/OL].[8].[Z].1988.[9].[J].,2005,(7):15-17.[10],[24]#∃[Z].2005.[11]OfficeforOfficialPublicationsoftheEuropeanCommunities.layingdownthehealthrulesfortheproductionandplacingonthemarketofrawmilk,heattreatedmilkandmilk-basedproducts[Z].2004:5.[12]U.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,PublicHealthService,FoodandDrugAdministration.SECTION2.//GradeA!PasteurizedMilkOrdinance[Z].2007:10-11.[13].//[Z].09.[14].2.95%:?[J].,2009,(10):12-13..[15].#∃.[J].,2009,(11):18.[16]U.S.CodeofFederalRegulations,PART101,Sec.101.95,Fresh!freshlyfrozen!freshfrozen!frozenfresh!//Title21,Volume2[Z].2004.[17]U.S.PublicMeetingonUseoftheTermFreshonFoodsProcessedwithAlternativeTechnologiesChicago,Illinois[EB/OL](2000-7-21).[18].![N],2006-12-16(7B).[19].()[K].:,2001.[20]OfficeforOfficialPublicationsoftheEuropeanCommunities.layingdownthehealthrulesfortheproductionandplacingonthemarketofrawmilk,heattreatedmilkandmilk-basedproducts[Z].2004:5.[21]U.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,PublicHealthService,FoodandDrugAdministration.SECTION7.//GradeA!PasteurizedMilkOrdinance[Z].2007:28.[22]OfficeforOfficialPublicationsoftheEuropeanCommunities.layingdownthehealthrulesfortheproductionandplacingonthemarketofrawmilk,heattreatedmilkandmilk-basedproducts[Z].2004:4-9.[23]U.S.DepartmentofHealthandHumanServices,PublicHealthService,FoodandDrugAdministration.SECTION7.//GradeAPasteurizedMilkOrdinance[Z].2007:26.[24].()[M].:,2001.(未完待续)562010284