锂离子动力电池安全性设计及寿命评估

锂离子动力电池安全性设计及寿命评估北京锂离子电池安全测评中心主要内容动力锂离子电池的发展现状锂离子动力电池的安全性分析锂离子动力电池安全性设计锂离子动力电池的使用寿命锂离子动力电池的现状目前市场上的混合动力车ToyotaHighlanderLexusRX400hHondaInsightLexusGS450hToyotaCamryHondaCivicToyotaPriusHondaAccordSaturnVueChevySilveradoFordEscapemoreandmore混合动力车ELECTRICACCESSORIESPETROLEUMONLY76hpgasolineengine,67hpelectricmotor,1.5kWhbatterycomADVANCEDENGINEFuelFlexibility插电式混合动力车ELECTRICACCESSORIESADVANCEDENGINEPETROLEUMAND/ORELECTRICITYBATTERYRECHARGE76hpgasolineengine,67hpelectricmotor,9.0kWhbattery(30mi)PercentageofVehicleFleetInUse(%)CumulativeFuelConsumed(gallons)510152025001051520253003010050150200250300PHEV40•8647totalmilesdriven•共行驶8647英里58mpg&140Wh/miPHEVs:40%reductioninoperatingcosts$500annualsavings37mpg76mpg&211Wh/miAssumes$2.41/galand9¢/kWh$1.58$1.21$2.48$3.45$0.48$0.72------5.45.16.59.1PHEV20PHEV40HEVCV混合动力车的实际节油效果40Conventional35E-Transportationisthemostsignificanttechnologicalrevolutionafterthecellularandtheinternet.电动交通是移动电话和互联网后的最重要的技术革命。电动车对动力电池的需求在持续增长•MWreservepowerplants.兆瓦级储能电站。钛酸锂电池移动储能电站Electrovaya,InternationalBattery,Ultralife,Valance,Saft.BYD磷酸铁锂电池固定储能电站规模储能是动力电池的又一重要市场•Managefluctuationsinelectricitydemand.平抑电网波动。•Manufacturerstotakeapart:A123,Altairnano,Enerdel,differentcellmodels.t120differentcellmodels•UltraHighpower超高功率(20C)-19manufacturers,Marketgrowof15%CAGR(复合年均增长率)peryeardrivenbytheEVgrowingmarket,Cellcostsaredecreasingby8%peryear(Source:IIT).InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity动力电池的现状•Highpower高功率(10C)-84manufacturers,1500中日韩在动力电池制造方面占支配Far-Eastmanufacturersdominatethemarket台湾Pouchcells动力电池的包装方式Prismaticcells•较好的传热安全性好使用寿命长CylindricalellsCellSize[mm]Cap[Ah]CyclelifeTemprangeWeight[gr]Weightenergydensity[Wh/Kg]Volumeenergydensity[Wh/L]Weightconstantpowerdensity[W/Kg]Volumepowerdensity[W/L]A123-AHR18700M1ULTRAD=18L=700.71000to90%-10to10038601291085523169A123-AHR32157M1HDD=32L=157101000to80%-30to603041082611085526148Saft-VL12VD=47L=17312500to80%-30to6064067144843718000功率最高的磷酸铁锂电池Seealso‐深圳市龙锂实业有限公司255x145x55100500to80%-20to60360010518610551868单体电池容量最高的高功率动力电池CellSizeCapCycleTempWeightWeightVolume[mm][Ah]liferange[gr]energyenergypowerdensitydensitydensitydensity[Wh/Kg][Wh/L][W/Kg][W/L]t.CellVCap[Ah]Cyclelifeto80%Weight[gr]Weightenergydensity[Wh/Kg]Volumeenergydensity[Wh/L]Weightpowerdensity[W/Kg]VolumePowerdensity[W/L]Advancedbatteryfactory12010073.31.2100043922395525m14372Q-LiteIndustrialICR18650HH3.71.35004012027530066885CENSEnergyTechCo18650P3.21.12000457821228447742AmericanLithiumIncNo-P.N3.21.5200034.314029027985806HenanBideliEnergyICR18650P3.71.45003813630627266129SamsungINR18650-15R3.61.55004512032620005443功率最高的18650电池Highcompetitivemarketwithalmost50differentcellmodelsCellVCap[Ah]Cyclelifeto80%Highoper.Temp.[c]Weightenergydensity[Wh/Kg]Volumeenergydensity[Wh/L]Weightpowerdensity[W/Kg]Volumeent.cpoweromdensity[W/L]SaftVL32600-1254.2420012512325961129AdvancedBatteryFactory3.2v/60ah3.660300090801276661060操作温度最高的动力电池EVneedsbatterieswithupto80Chightemperatureoperatingrange…mCellI.DWh/KgChargeRateCycleLifeGPLbattery,GE-32AH-02,32AH939.38C500GAIAUHE-341440,7.5AH8416C500ToshibaSCiB6511.9C6000StandardChargeQuickChargeFastChargeUltraFastChargeC/3C/3,2C2C10C快速充电动力电池•短问题的最经济的方法。roadchargingstations.CurrentMarketUltrafastchargingcellUltra‐fastchargeStation快速充电(upto5min,80%capacity)是解决电动车续驶里程ToshibaSuperChargeLithiumIonBattery-SCiB•LithiumManganeseoxideSpinelcathode-LMO•LithiumTitanateOxideanode–LTO•Rechargeto90%offullcapacityinlessthan5minutes.•Excellentsafetybecauseofhighlevelanodestability.•6000cyclesoffullD.O.Dto90%ofinitialcapacity.•Lowtemperaturedischargefrom-30C.•SCIBiscurrentlyavailableontheSchwinnTailwindelectricbike.2.4Voc65Wh/Kg131wh/l650W/Kg1316W/l•1st•Willdominatetherechargeablemarketforthenearandmidfuture.•2ndGenerationLi-IonChemistries•Betterperformance-Upto300Wh/kgwithfastrecharge.-Wideroperatingtemperaturerange.-FastCharging.•Improvedsafety.•Reducedcost.锂空气电池？下一代锂离子电池动力电池20GenerationLi-IonChemistries动力电池的安全性问题将影响其市场命运Ifitisnotsafeitwillnotsurvive…动力电池的安全性问题锂离子动力电池的安全性分析锂离子电池关键技术材料合成，机理诊断，电极/电池工程化，数学模型电池模型从纳米尺度到微米尺度，再到毫米尺度性能电极结构电池结构结构材料合成材料修饰表面/界面化学新工艺新材料安全性长寿命电极制造电池制备电极模型高性能锂电池正极负极安全性问题引起的损失SafetycasesSafetycases•安全性的概念滥用安全性abusethermalrunaway–Mechanical机械的•crush,nailpenetration挤压、针刺–Electrical电的•shortcircuit,overcharge短路、过充–Thermal热的•thermalramp,simulatedfire热箱、火烧•现场安全性fieldfailurethermalrunaway–Manufacturingdefects由制造瑕疵引起•Looseconnection,separatordamage,foreigndebris连接问题、隔膜损坏、粉尘•Candevelopintoaninternalshortcircuit随机发生，引起内短路•Canleadtooverheatingandthermalrunaway引起过热与热失控InstituteofNewEnergyTechnology,INET,TsinghuaUniversity滥用安全性现场（随机）安全性两种安全性概念的差异现场安全性滥用安全性Predictable可预测的Commontoallcells对每一个电池Can/shouldbeevaluatedatthecelllevel可以通过测试进行评估Timeconstantsrelativelylong发生过程较长Canbeaugmentedbyprotectiondevices可以通过保护措施进行改善Notpredictable不可预测的One-in-a-million(orless)随