饮用水安全早起预警监测

1LARAG▪2013▪CUWAAnnualConference▪Changsha▪31Oct.-2Nov.2013-DrinkingWaterSafety-饮用水安全Earlywarningbyreliableandaccuratemonitoringofsumparametersonline早期预警依赖于准确的在线检测ChinaUrbanWaterAssociation–AnnualConference20132013中国城镇供水排水协会峰会长沙Changsha,31stOctober–2ndNovember2013Speaker:Dr.-Ing.WernerArtsPresident,LARProcessAnalysersAG2LARAG▪2013▪CUWAAnnualConference▪Changsha▪31Oct.-2Nov.2013Content目录(1)Importanceofdrinkingwatersafety饮用水安全的重要性(2)Sourcesofdrinkingwaterpollutions饮用水污染的来源(3)Parametersforonlinemonitoring在线检测参数(4)WaterFingerprints水的特征Ideaandlimitations理念和局限性(5)Toxicityinsourcewater源水的毒性Onlinemonitoringmethodsincomparison在线检测方法的比较(6)DrinkingWaterTreatment饮用水治理DisinfectionBy-ProductsandrelationtoTOC消毒产品和相关TOC(7)Earlywarningsystemsataglance一目了然的早期预警系统3LARAG▪2013▪CUWAAnnualConference▪Changsha▪31Oct.-2Nov.2013Mostvitalresource最重要的资源→Becomingmoreandmoreimportant变得越来越重要12th5-year-plan十二五规划Qualityofwater水质→Onlinemonitoring在线监测ImportanceofDrinkingWaterSafety饮用水安全的重要性4LARAG▪2013▪CUWAAnnualConference▪Changsha▪31Oct.-2Nov.2013Sourcesfordrinkingwater饮用水来源■SurfaceWater地表水■Riversandlakes,groundwater河流，湖泊和地下水Dangerofpollution污染的危害■Dischargeofindustrialwastewater工业废水排放■Treatmentofwastewaternotoptimal不合理的废水处理Importance重要性Smallamountoftoxicsubstancesleadstobigconsequences少量的有毒物质导致非常大的后果Pollutioncanmassivelyendangerhumansandtheenvironment污染可以给人类和环境带来巨大的危害ImportanceofDrinkingWaterSafety饮用水安全的重要性5LARAG▪2013▪CUWAAnnualConference▪Changsha▪31Oct.-2Nov.2013■Naturalorganicmatter(NOM)isfoundinallsurfacewater在地表水里的天然有机物（NOM）▪duetodecayofplantsandanimalmatter由动植物的分解构成■Contaminationthroughallotherorganiccompoundspossible通过其他有可能的有机化合物污染▪accidentsandpollutionofriversandlakes由事故引起的河流及湖泊的污染■DrinkingwatertreatmentwithChlorinemaycausecreationofdangerousDisinfectionBy-Products(DBP)用氯处理饮用水可能会导致危险的消毒副产品（DBP）Sourcesofdrinkingwaterpollution饮用水污染的来源6LARAG▪2013▪CUWAAnnualConference▪Changsha▪31Oct.-2Nov.2013■Contaminatedsurfacewater(riversandlakes)受污染的地表水（河流和湖泊）→Oftennocontrolofinlet通常无法控制取水口→Groundwatercanbecontaminatedtoo地下水也可以污染Problem问题Contaminationofdrinkingwater饮用水的污染ToxicitySourcesofdrinkingwaterpollution饮用水污染的来源7LARAG▪2013▪CUWAAnnualConference▪Changsha▪31Oct.-2Nov.2013Parametersforonlinemonitoring在线监测参数■pH,conductivity,turbidity,freeandtotalchlorine,redoxpH值，电导率，浊度，游离余氯和总余氯，氧化还原■TOC,TotalOrganicCarbonTOC，总有机碳■TNb,TotalboundNitrogenTnb，总结合氮■Ammonia氨■TP,TotalPhosphorousTP,总磷■Waterfingerprints水的特征■Toxicity毒性8LARAG▪2013▪CUWAAnnualConference▪Changsha▪31Oct.-2Nov.2013GoodideaBUT:好的想法，但是：→Onlyindicationofwaterquality只有水质指标Parametercombinations组合参数→pH,conductivity,turbidity,freeandtotalchlorine,redoxTOC,TNpH值，电导率，浊度，游离余氯和总氯，氧化还原，TOC，TN■Definedmeasuringrangeperparameter确定每个参数的测量范围→Networkdiagram网络图→Rangeoffluctuation波动范围→Relativestandarddeviation(rsd)相对标准偏差（rsd）pHTurbidityConductivityRedoxChlorineWaterFingerprints水的特征9LARAG▪2013▪CUWAAnnualConference▪Changsha▪31Oct.-2Nov.2013Idea方案:→Conclusionsonsignificantchangesofparameters总结参数明显的变化Changeaboveorbeyondstandarddeviation更改或超出标准差→Detectionpossible发现可能性►Hardtodetecttoxicsubstancesthatdonoteffecttheparameters难以检测不影响参数的有毒物质pHTurbidityConductivityRedoxChlorineWaterFingerprints水的特征10LARAG▪2013▪CUWAAnnualConference▪Changsha▪31Oct.-2Nov.2013Limitation局限性:Smallchanges微小的改变→Nodetection未检出→Withinrelativestandarddeviation(rsd)在相对标准偏差内（rsd）Dependingonparameterrsdmaydifferfrom2%to5%根据参数，相对标准偏差可能从2%到5%不同Changingmeasurementsaffecttherangesofotherparameters改变测量影响其他参数范围►Toxic/harmfulsubstancesmaynotaffecttheparameters有毒或有毒物质可能不会影响参数→Notoxicitymeasurement无毒性监测Example:Cyanide(CN-)-Smallconcentrationsalreadyverytoxic►BUTnotdetectablebywaterfingerprints举例：氰化物(CN-)-剧毒但浓度很小，并没有在水的特征中被检出MeanVolumeStandardDeviationWaterFingerprints水的特征11LARAG▪2013▪CUWAAnnualConference▪Changsha▪31Oct.-2Nov.2013Whymeasuringtoxicity?为什么要测量毒性？■Smallamountoftoxicsubstancesleadstobigconsequences微量的有毒物质会导致重大的后果■Pollutioncanmassivelyendangerhumansandtheenvironment污染会很大程度上危害人类和环境Toxicityinsourcewater源水的毒性12LARAG▪2013▪CUWAAnnualConference▪Changsha▪31Oct.-2Nov.2013Whatistoxicity?什么是毒性？■Specificeffectonorganismscausedbytoxicsubstances由有毒物质引起的生物体上的特殊效应■Toxiceffectdependson毒性的效应取决于Concentration浓度Organisms有机体→Toxicityisaneffectparameter毒性是一个有影响的参数■OftencalculatedasEC50通常用EC50来计算表示→50%oftheorganismsareinhibited50%的生物体被抑制Toxicityinsourcewater源水的毒性13LARAG▪2013▪CUWAAnnualConference▪Changsha▪31Oct.-2Nov.2013InhibitionEffect抑制效果ConcentrationOrganisms有机体活性Nutrient营养成分Toxicity毒性Temperature温度TestOrganisms测试有机体EnvironmentalCondition环境条件Toxicityinsourcewater源水的毒性14LARAG▪2013▪CUWAAnnualConference▪Changsha▪31Oct.-2Nov.2013ExistingMethods现有的方法■Differentexistingmethodsfordeterminingtoxicity→Onlyafewaresuitableforonlinemeasurements各种现有的检测毒性的方法，只有很少能够适用于在线监测。Whatismeasured?测量什么？Respirationinhibition呼吸抑制Movement(daphnia)运动（水蚤）Electricimpulses(Fishtest)电脉冲Closureofmussels(mussels)贝类的闭合Bioluminescence发光菌Fluorescence(algae)荧光（藻类）andothers其他Toxicity:Comparisonofmethods毒性：方法比较15LARAG▪2013▪CUWAAnnualConference▪Changsha▪31Oct.-2Nov.2013CommonDisadvantages通常的劣势■Longdurat