高三英语主谓一致语法详解

主谓一致语法详解07—20—2009lillian主谓一致,是指主语和谓语动词要保持人称和数上的一致Whatwewantismoretime.Whattheyneedinthatareaaredoctorsandnurses.Whatshelefthimaresomeoldphotos.主谓一致的三个原则A语法一致B意义一致C就近原则A语法一致语法一致是指主语和谓语在单复数形式上的一致关系,主语为单数形式,谓语动词用单数形式;反之,谓语动词用复数形式.Mychildhasnointentionofspendingavacationwithme.Mychildrenhavenointentionofspendingavacationwithme.B意义一致意义一致是说谓语动词的单,复数要取决于主语所表达的概念,而不取决于表面上的语法标记.1.主语形式虽为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词用复数.Themajorityofprimaryschoolteachersarewomen.2.主语形式为复数,而意义上却是单数,谓语动词用单数.Nonewsisgoodnews.BilliardsisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinsomecitiesC就近原则就近原则是指当主语由两个或两个以上名词或代词组成时,谓语动词的数要与它紧邻的名词或代词的数一致.Thereisasquaretableandsomechairsinthecenterofthedining-room.EitheryourstudentsorWilliamknowsthis.提示一般说来,究竟何时采用何种原则,应视英语习惯用法而定.但在实际使用中,如果对上述三种原则捉摸不定时,遵循语法一致的原则是一种比较稳妥的方法.并列主语的主谓一致单一主语的主谓一致其他情况的主谓一致A形复意单的名词作主语B集合名词作主语C代词作主语主谓一致并列主语的主谓一致A由and连接的并列主语1.用and(或both...and)连接并列主语时,谓语动词通常用复数.Ahammerandasawareusefultools.★当and连接的两个名词是指组合到一起的一件完整的或成套的东西,或表示同一个人或一种概念时,谓语动词要用单数形式.Thewriterandteacherisspeakingatthemeeting.英语中并列结构表示整体概念的有:ironandsteel__钢铁aneedleandthread针线aimandend__目的goingtobedearlyandgettingupearly早睡早起awatchandchain__一块带链的表acartandhorse一辆马车acoatandtie__配有领带的上衣breadandbutter__黄油面包lawandorder__治安aknifeandfork__刀叉2.一个名词为几个并列形容词所修饰时,这时主语和谓语动词的一致关系一般遵循语法一致的原则.Cleverandslowstudentsaretreatedalike.Ablackandwhitekittenwasfoundinthegardenyesterday.比较Ablackandawhitedogsareplayingintheyard.Ablackandwhitedogisplayingintheyard.3.在each...andeach...,every...andevery...,no...andno...等结构之后,谓语动词用单数形式.Eachboyandeachgirlhasanapple.Everyhourandeveryminuteisprecious.Nobirdandnobeastisseenonthelonelyisland.4.带有并列动词的what从句作主语时,要根据意义一致的原则决定动词的数.Whathesaysanddoesdonotagree.Whathesaysanddoesdoesnotconcernme.在某些成语中,一些并列主语用and相连时,其后谓语用单数.AllworkandnoplaymakesJackadullboy.Earlytobedandearlytorisemakesamanhealthy,wealthyandwise.B某些词组采取就近原则以or,either...or,neither...nor,not...but,notonly...butalso等连接的名词(代词)作并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则.NeitherhenorIamwillingtogoshoppingtoday.Notthestudentsbuttheirteacherisinvitedtotheparty.-Areeitheryouorhetogothere__是你还是他将去那里-Neitheris.______C谓语动词的数不受某些词组影响主语后跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,besides,including,inadditionto等引导的词组时,其谓语动词的单,复数按主语的单,复数而定.Themanager,ratherthantheworkers,isresponsiblefortheloss.Nobodybutthreepolicemenwasonthespot.单一主语的主谓一致A形复意单的名词作主语形复意单的名词作主语(即形式为复数,意义为单数),按意义一致的原则,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数,反之,谓语用复数.1.许多学科名称,如mathematics,physics,economics,politics,以及news等名词作主语时,动词用单数.Newsistravelingfastnowadays.2.用作国名,组织机构,书名,报刊名等复数形式的专有名词作为整体对待,谓语用单数.TheTimesreportsthenewsofthestrike.GreatExpectationswaswrittenbyDickensin1860.如果山脉,群岛,瀑布等名称作主语时,谓语动词用复数.TheGreatLakesliebetweentheUSAandCanada.五大湖在美国和加拿大两国之间.ThePhilippinesareinthewesternPacificOceansoutheastofChina.菲律宾群岛在中国东南太平洋西部.TheNiagaraFallsarethefallsontheNiagaraRiver.尼亚加拉瀑布位于尼亚加拉河上.3.一些形复意单的名词,包括有成双成套部分的衣物或工具名称,作主语时,谓语用复数.Mybluetrousershavebeenwornout.Hisglassesarenew.提示这些名词如用apairof修饰时,谓语动词用单数.Theshoesareunderthebed.鞋在床下.Thepairofshoesisunderthebed.这双鞋在床下.4.单,复数同形名词作主语时,按意义一致的原则,用作单数意义时,谓语用单数;用作复数意义时,谓语有复数.这类名词有:sheep,deer,fish,means,works,species,Chinese,Japanese等.The(This)glassworkswassetupin1986.Thisspeciesofroseisveryrare.这类名词前有a,sucha,this,that,every修饰时,谓语用单数;有all,such,these,those修饰时,谓语用复数.Everymeanshasbeentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.Allmeanshavebeentriedoutwithoutmuchresult.集合名词作主语B集合名词作主语集合名词表示有若干个体组成的集合体,如army,audience,class,club,company,crowd,government,group,party,population,team,union等.1.集合名词作主语时,若表示整体概念,谓语动词用单数,若表示构成该集合体的成员,则谓语动词用复数.Hisfamilyarewaitingforhim.Buttheman'sfamilywassmall-onlyhimselfandhiswife.2.有些集合名词,如cattle,folk,people,police,youth等,作主语时,谓语动词用复数,即所谓的形单意复.Thepolicehavecaughtthethief.Thecattlearegrazinginthefield.3.有些无生命(表示物)的集合名词作主语,谓语用单数.Allthefurnitureinmyroomisnew.HasyourluggagearrivedyetAlotofhikingequipmentisneededhere.C代词作主语C代词作主语1.名词性物主代词作主语时,既可以用作单数,也可以用作复数,这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数.Oursisagreatcountry.Yourshoesareblack,andminearebrown.2.such,thesame等指示代词作主语时,应根据其所指的内容来决定单,复数.Suchareherwishes.SuchwasAlbertEinstein,asimplemanwithgreatachievements.3.关系代词who,that,which等在定语从句中作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与主句中先行词的数一致.Thosewhowanttogoforapicnicpleaseputupyourhands.在oneof+复数名词+who/that/which引导的定语从句结构中,关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one,因此,从句中的动词应该是复数形式.但当one之前有the,theonly等修饰语时,关系代词的先行词是one,而不是靠近它的复数名词,因此从句的动词应是单数形式.Sheistheonlyoneofthegirlswhosingsbest.4.疑问代词who,what,which作主语时,谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单,复数.WholivesupstairsItisXiaoWang.WholivenextdoorItisLiandZhang.5.不定代词作主语时,有以下两种情况:①some,all,any,none,more,most等词可以指复数名词和不可数名词,它们作主语时,视其文中的意义,判断动词用单数还是复数的形式.Nonearesogoodasthosewhoarealwaysreadytohelpothers.Noneissogoodashe.提示在口语中,noneof+复数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数或复数均可,要以说话人所想的而定.Noneofthetelephonesworks/work.②some,all,any,none,more,most等词接of时,若of的宾语为不可数名词,动词用单数形式;若of的宾语为复数名词或代词时,动词用复数形式.Mostofthecolourblindpeoplearemen.Mostofhissparetimewasspentinreading.3.oneoutoften或oneinten结构作主语,谓语动词应按照语法一致的原则,用单数.Oneoutoftenwasbadlyinjuredintheaccident.4.a+单数名词+ortwo结构作主语,谓语动词用单数形式.但oneortwo+复数名词结构作主语,谓语动词用复数形式.Awordortwoismissinghere.Oneortwofriendsarecomingfordinner