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第一部分中考常用单词、词组用法辨析名词类单词、词组辨析1.advice,suggestion【辨析】(1)advice多指“忠告；劝告”,是不可数名词,不可用an,many,afew等直接修饰,也不能在其后加s,但可以用some,much,apieceof等直接修饰。常见搭配有givesomeadvice,askforadvice等。(2)suggestion多指供人参考的想法,是可数名词,可用a,some,many,afew等直接修饰,有复数形式。常见搭配有giveasuggestion,makeasuggestion等。注意：advise与suggest分别为advice,suggestion的动词,意为“向……建议”。【举例】Thelawyergavemesomehelpfuladvice.律师给了我一些有用的建议。Doyouhaveanysuggestionsonhowtosolvetheproblemproperly？关于如何妥当地解决这个问题,你有什么建议吗？【演练】()1.Couldyoupleasegivesome____tothe____teachers？A.advice;menB.advices;menC.suggestion;manD.suggestions;manA()2.Imadeafew____abouthowwecouldspendtheafternoon.A.adviceB.adviseC.suggestsD.suggestions()3.IhavesomeproblemswithmyEnglishwriting.Couldyougivemeapieceof____?A.adviceB.decisionsC.informationD.suggestion()4._____valuableadviceyougaveme!Thankyouverymuch!A.WhataB.HowaC.WhatD.HowDAC2.people,person,man【辨析】(1)people表示“人;人们”时是集体名词,表复数概念,不能表示“一个人”。只有当表示两个或两个以上的人时才可用people,如twopeople意为“两个人”。people还可以表示“民族”,此时有单、复数之分,onepeople意为“一个民族”,twopeoples意为“两个民族”。(2)person是个体名词,它泛指man,woman或child中的任何一个,其复数形式是persons。(3)man意为“男人”,与woman相对,其复数形式为men;man也可表示“人;人类”,此时man用作单数名词,且不加冠词。【举例】Thishallisspaciousenoughtoholdatleast1,000people.这个大厅足够宽敞,至少可以容纳一千人。Weallknowthatthereare56peoplesinChina.我们都知道中国有五十六个民族。Whoistheyoungestpersoninyourclass？你们班里年龄最小的人是谁？Menandwomenareequal.男女平等。Thechickinitiallyhasnofearofman.小鸡最初不怕人。【演练】()1.Anold____camein.Shelookedpale.A.peopleB.manC.personD.persons()2.Some____inthistownspeakCantonese(广东话).A.peopleB.personC.peoplesD.child()3.—Howmany____arethereinYunnanProvince?—Thereare20.A.peopleB.peoplesC.personsD.humansCAB3.noise,voice,sound【辨析】(1)noise意为“噪音;喧闹声”,常指不悦耳、不和谐的嘈杂声。(2)voice指人的嗓音或说话、唱歌时发出的声音。(3)sound泛指人们听到的各种“声音”,可以是人或动物的声音,也可以是大自然的任何声音。【举例】Don’tmakeanynoise！别吵闹！Sherry,thelovelygirl,hasareallysweetvoice.雪莉,那个可爱的女孩,有着相当甜美的嗓音。Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound.光的传播速度比声音快得多。【演练】()1.CelineDionisafantasticsinger.Shehasanamazing____.A.noiseB.voiceC.soundD.music()2.Atthefootofthehill,youcouldhearnothingbutthe____oftherunningwater.A.soundB.voiceC.noiseD.noisy()3.The____makesmefeelannoyed.Iwanttobeinaquietplace.A.voiceB.soundC.noiseD.musicBAC4.problem,question【辨析】两者都可表示“问题”。problem指说话者认为难以解决的问题,常与动词solve或settle(解决)搭配使用。question则指说话者需要寻找答案的问题,常与动词ask或answer连用。此外,problem可用于指数学、化学或物理等的习题,而question却无此含义。【举例】Theproblemisverydifficulttobesolved.这个问题很难解决。MayIaskyousomequestions？我可以问你一些问题吗？Canyouworkoutthischemistryproblem？你能算出这道化学题吗？【演练】()1.—Canyoufixthebike?—No____.A.problemB.problemsC.questionD.questions()2.The____issodifficultthatwehavelotsof____toask.A.question;problemsB.questions;problemC.problems;questionsD.problem;questions()3.Thephysics____Maxworkedoutwasreallydifficult.Hewasagenius!A.questionsB.problemsC.problemD.questionADC5.job,work【辨析】两者都可指“工作”。job指具体的职业或零工,是可数名词,ajob表示“一份工作”。work通常用作动词,作名词时常用作不可数名词,apieceofwork表示“一份工作”。注意：work表示“著作;作品”之意时是可数名词,其复数形式为works。【举例】Iheardyouhadchangedseveraljobs.我听说你换了几份工作。Workhard,andyou’llgetapromotion.努力工作,这样你会升职的。Firstofall,Ishouldthankyouallforyourhardwork.首先,我应该感谢大家的辛勤工作。Inmyopinion,thisisRembrandt’sgreatestwork.在我看来,这是伦勃朗最伟大的作品。【演练】()1.Hehaslostthree____,becausehedoesn’t____hard.A.works;workB.jobs;workC.works;jobsD.jobs;works()2.Shehasalotof____todotoday.A.thingB.workC.worksD.job()3.Everyone’sdoneanexcellent____intoday’sdebate(辩论).A.jobsB.jobC.workD.thingBBB6.home,house,family【辨析】（1）home意为“家”,指人们出生或居住的地方,也指“家乡;故乡”。（2）house意为“住房;住宅”,侧重指人们居住的房子或建筑物。（3）family意为“家庭;家庭成员”,与居住的房子无关。当family作整体概念的“家庭”讲时,视作单数,谓语动词用单数形式;当family作“家庭成员”讲时,视作复数,谓语动词用复数形式。【举例】TomtakesBeijingashissecondhome.汤姆把北京视为他的第二故乡。Iboughtahousewithabiggardentwoyearsago.两年前我买了个带大花园的房子。MrBlack’sfamilyisverylarge.布莱克先生家里的人很多。Myfamilyareverywell.我家里人身体都很好。【演练】()1.HehasbeeninShenzhenfortenyears.Shen-zhenhasbecomehissecond____.A.homeB.familyC.houseD.families()2.Heboughtanew___inGuangzhoulastmonth.A.homeB.houseC.familyD.household()3.Lucyhasabigfamily.Therearesevenpeopleinher____.A.familyB.homeC.houseD.roomABA7.evening,night【辨析】两者都可意为“晚上”,但并不完全相同,它们的区别在于：(1)evening意为“傍晚;晚上”,尤其是指下午6点到晚上10点前,一般指晚上就寝之前的这段时间。它的反义词是morning。(2)night意为“夜晚;黑夜”,是指晚上10点至午夜这段时间。它的反义词是day。注意：下午下了班或过了正常工作时间是evening;到了睡觉的时候便从evening转为night。【举例】Allhedidthateveningwassittingaroundthehouse.那天晚上他所做的就是闲坐在家里。Wesleepduringthenightandworkduringtheday.我们夜里睡觉,白天工作。【演练】()1.Timetosleep.Good____,sweetheart.A.eveningB.nightC.dayD.job()2.Supperwillbeservedfrom6:00to7:00inthe____.A.afternoonB.eveningC.nightD.midnightBB8.information,message【辨析】（1）information意为“信息;资料”,侧重信息的价值,是不可数名词。（2）message意为“消息;音信”,指一般的信息、消息、口信等。常构成短语：leaveamessageforsb.给某人留口信,takeamessage捎口信。【举例】PleasegivemesomeinformationabouttrainstoBeijing.请给我提供一些去北京的火车的信息。Wouldyouliketoleaveamessage?您要留口信吗？【演练】()1.Canyouprovidemewithsome____aboutthetrip?A.newsB.informationC.messageD.idea()2.Wouldyoupleasegivea____toKate?Sheisnotathome.A.messageB.informationC.newsD.wordBA